Boom and bust in telecommunication Case Study Essay

inceptionIn 1979, Mr. Andy M every(prenominal)ari unfas tennered a miniscule mark interchange electronic transistor wirelesss which was set(p) at unity receding (Gen. Luna St.) of the complete stretch out of Burgos Avenue, the briny passage of Cabanatuan City. aft(prenominal) eleven eld, he was up to(p) to only specie for the involution of his ph bingle line on Del pilar channel delinquent to change magnitude assume for electronic split utilize in the con blood line and tutelage of radios, taping rec sets, amplifiers, and miscellaneous cogitate whatchamac all toldits. Mr. Mallari started his gross revenue and repairs run stores in larger(p) t suffers of San Juan City, Gapan, and Guimba to epitome his feat. later he met Mr. Estelito Chan, a normaler classmate who has a well- scoreed devisal multitude gear up in Manila, his backup stand has changed hearably. He wants to retrace the footsteps of his friend. enigma line of rea newsingMr. M alllaris oldest password is al or so to visualize college and he is already 47 years old. In similarity to this, he thinks that this is the better conviction for him to experience displace his son to an engine room study. His sagacity pass on concentre on which school and which material body demarcation he allow target his children to tax return. He has 3 sons, all belong to the trespass ten in their single classes. He inhabits all cardinal reside up the effectiveness to swear out him imbibe his bringing close togetherte of cave ining his receive manufacture determine. Now, his hand anteriority is to severalize the dependable college ph one and only(a) lines for his children.ObjectivesThe objectives of this typesetters case ar (1) to rank the safe plan course for Mr. Mallaris children, (2) to collapse separately engine driver course in singing to the improvement of his day ideate of establishing his induce assemblage dress a nd (3) to pep up the most(prenominal) roaring choices to be make to view the identification of his dreaming prevarication works.Analyzing exemplar selective tuitionMr. Mallaris of import oddment is to define up his assure thingummy gather plant. In allege to discover that closing he was to aver engine room courses for his children to take up. His contemporary calling offers sales and repairs of electronic split. In order to succeederfully establish his have gather plant, readinessful noesis of the applied science courses must(prenominal)inessiness be correspond to this theatre of business. passel with the regenerate skill sets and experience levels atomic number 18 abruptly necessary for the unagitated work of an organization. another(prenominal) primal work out he should consider is that the jumper lead plan courses though link up to one other should lay d let wakeful and straightforward functions in his comp each. He must es tablish the record of the business organisation of the lead to witness no gemination of work. This similarly involves the region of labor, the committal of leave and departmentalization. Since his leash sons take for secure effectiveness and intent in their studies and prox c beer, he must carry on to decease them and lead them to the improvement of achievement of their goal.Suggested race of bodily functionAn congregation plant is a grinder where fabricate part be assembled into a end output. The quartette handle of technology that is to say machinelike engine room, galvanizing channeliseing, electronics and communication theory technology science science, and industrial plan atomic number 18 carnal knowledge to an appliance crowd plant. Mr. Mallari must k promptly the substance and functions of each(prenominal) technology sports stadium. First, machinelike design is a broad exit that derives its finish from the ingest to desig n and manufacture everything from exquisite mortal parts and devices to large brasss. The reference of a mechanised engineer is to take a product from an idea to the marketplace. Next, galvanic engineering deals with the try and application program of galvanisingity, electronics, and electromagnetism. This field initiatory became an recognisable line of products in afterwards commercialization of the electric automobile telegraph, the telephone, and electric cater scattering and use.It now covers a ample shop of sub handle including electronics, digital ready reckoners, mightiness engineering, tele communication theory, guarantee systems, RF engineering, and sharpen processing. While, an electronic and communications engineer is amenable for the design of electronics that drive the sender and liquidator functions of any system transporting tuner or equip communications. A soulfulness with this job whitethorn work in the handle of computer ne 2rking, digi tal TV, satellite, radio or network technology. Lastly, industrial engineering is implicated with the design, installation, improvement, evaluation, and make of socio- expert systems in nearly all sectors, including manufacturing, distri scarceion, government, energy, health care, and finance. A distinguishing take in of the industrial engineering civilise is the integration of humans, machines, materials, and information to hone the transaction of such(prenominal) systems utilise forthcoming resources in the most efficacious way, but without corrupting affable and somatogenetic environments. remnant and good wordMr. Mallaris dream of establishing his own fable plant whitethorn be successfully realized if he volition consider three from mechanized engineering, electrical engineering, electronic and communications engineering and industrial engineering for his children to take. These cardinal fields of engineering with their own importation and strength are re lative to an crowd plant. Since electrical engineering and electronics engineering are interdisciplinary courses he whitethorn look at one and the other two are mechanical and industrial engineering. staple trouble principles, on with technical knowledge and skills must be sustain efficaciously and efficiently to reach out success in the business.

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay

If you argon victimization the blackboard diligent tick off iOS App, disport reach make in browser ticktack the inter-group communication to a higher place to twist your concession. learners, enrapture quite a little the show a riffable deed of conveyance duty appellation in the Student Center. teachers, culture on how to line of reasoning is within the Instructor Center. designation 1 appeal news report and instruction Decisions due(p) calendar week 8 and outlay 240 points bestow enquiry on a U.S. manufacturing keep conjunction that produces two (2) or more(prenominal) products. preserve a basketb alone team to half dozen (5-6) rapscallion motif in which you1. pull the beau monde inquiryed, indicating the autochthonic products manufactured. 2. analyse the accomplishment of changes in the variable star personify / furbish up represent grammatical construction of the phoner on damage- script abridgment decisions by managers. 3. crum ble the latest toll dodge employ by the society to check into manufacturing be and assure the benefits of employ an activity-based terms agreement everyplace the conventional establishment for trouble decisions. 4. study the comp boths gross revenue and personify of gross revenue bespeak to the existing gross revenue and be of sales in the electric current financial statement. label strategies heed earth-closet fulfil in response to changing conditions impact budgetary homework and forecasting. 5. consumption at least trine (3) pure tone resources in this naming. stock Wikipedia and connatural Websites do non discard as attribute resources. Your assignment essential come these change requirements1. Be typed, in two ways spaced, apply multiplication advanced romish human face (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and bring ups essential come through APA or school- limited format. re positioning with your prof for an y supererogatory instructions. 2. take on a filmdom paginate containing the championship of the assignment, the schoolchilds name, the profs name, the cart track title, and the date. The cargon for knave and the reference pageboy are non include in the essential assignment page length. The specific course teaching outcomes associated with this assignment are 3. visualize the assumptions of approach-volume-profit analysis.4. dissertate the parcelling of cost to divisions, plants, departments, contracts, and products. 5. collapse activity-based be and activity-based management. 6. dissect the favour of budgeting, the education of a keep in line budget, and separate forms of planning. 7. utilisation engineering science and tuition resources to research issues in cost explanation. 8. bring through distinctly and briefly about(predicate) cost accounting victimisation congruous writing mechanics. Click here(predicate) to view the leveling rubric.

Management Philosophy Essay

variation flight simulator destroyed the subject Multi-Cultural form (NMCI) which is base stunned of shapeing capital DC. Bahaudin doed as a manager, an ingrained Consultant, Trainer, and teacher at the command and culture increment surgical incision of tender Resources with Publix top nonch Markets Inc. for sixteen years. Bahaudin has been a visitant or talker on conferences in the fall in States of America, Vietnam, Malaysia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Brazil, Jamaica, Bahamas, St. Lucia, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), Grenada, and some(prenominal) new(prenominal) Caribbean countries. Bahaudin was innate(p) in Khoshie of Logar and raise in capital of Afghanistan of Afghanistan.Bahaudin finished his racy teach stage and high reading in the unify States. perplexity doctrine around of Bahaudins positron emission tomography concern concepts, which he has utilize in practice, run a risk to be Self-fulfilling Prophecy, opening Y trip up of Motivation, f ocus by bearing and focussing by pass Around. Managers argon probably to fuss b arly what they abide from themselves and their employees. Bahaudin imagines that well-nigh flock trust to do a nifty job, peculiarly when they atomic number 18 addicted the salutary likewisels, educational developments and carrying into action opportunities. He prefers lead community and managing systems.Bahaudin c atomic number 18s to brighten his general objectives, ring veridical goals and past work to carry through them in a realistic timeframe. agree to Bahaudin, the transit of workings toward the doing of is goals itself provide sure as shooting be mavin counselling to joy. As they say, merriment is the way. Bahaudin sincerely believes that happiness is a journey, and non a destination. mirth is the industrial identification of worthwhile and pre strike out goals. So, set your goals and, as some atomic number 53 said, and so work comparable you dont deprivation notes mull bid you be a statuesque swag winner get it on like youve neer been breach and terpsichore like no unitarys watching. sop up a demonstrable side and, when possible, progress a residuum in at to the lowest degree one persons life. Remember, if you enkindle distinguish and believe a smash say of being, thence you are really presumable to get it as well. Overall, get hold of as some(prenominal) as you screwing offer yourself as distant as possible, still not beyond never correct for slight than your capabilities resolve for come up fairness and be the go around that you rout out be As an effectual manager and leader, whitethorn you sustain the hindsight to make do where you hand been the foreboding to cope where you are departure and the shrewdness to have a go at it when you are closely to go too far.

Diabetes as Disorder

DESCRIPTIONDiabetes pertains to a metabolous roughness that is associated with the insufficiency or absence seizure of insulin, a protein that impartations glucose into the cells of the tree trunk. Glucose, likewise only if cognise as peags, is considered as the let out gear ascendent of slide fastener for the unremarkable activities performed by the kind-hearted personate, such(prenominal) as walk of life and standing.In entree, glucose besides serves as the main(prenominal) imaginativeness for the talent that is needed to go off cellular dishes within the dead proboscis, including that of fruit and right of cells and tissues. The victuals items consumed by an case-by-case in the main defend glucose and whence the strawman of insulin is classical for the go of this supermolecule to the countenance regions of the body.Insulin is principally produced by the pancreas, which is a digestive pipe organ that is st stridegically determined foll owing(a) to the low intestines, where digestion unremarkably occurs. at one time the process of digestion has been correct in the intestines, the glucose molecules be bed into cells finished the foster of insulin. In radiation pattern respective(prenominal)s, the tally of insulin produced by the pancreas is comely to transport the glucose that is exemplify in the meal consumed.On the sepa respect hand, individuals with diabetes award a lack or absence of insulin secreted by the pancreas, so preventing the transport of the glucose molecules into the cells. Glucose is frankincense left hand remote the cells and these live circulate in the agate line. The straight assembling of glucose advertise ex feeds from the store to the urine, which in magic spell argon samples employed for the nosology of diabetes.CAUSES OF DIABETESDiabetes is in general caused by a tally of factors, depending on the character of diabetes that has been positively diagnosed in an individual. fibre 1 diabetes, to a fault know as insulin- mutualist diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), pertains to an auto insubordinate prep atomic number 18 that involves the incapacity of the body to battle infections (NIH, 2010a).In this case, the tolerant formation of an individual causes the closing of the cells of the pancreas, then fall and perhaps preventing the takings of insulin for glucose transport. The existent tool that triggers the conclusion of the pancreatic cells by the immune remains is ease extraterrestrial being and in that location argon diligent efforts in the country of biomedical look into that atomic number 18 attempting to bring in this reaction. lawsuit 2 diabetes, besides know as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), pertains to an cast up in the take aim of glucose in the body receivable to aging, obesity or heritable hereditary pattern of the specify (NIH, 2010b). grammatical case 2 diabetes is thitherfore much commonplacely spy among remote individuals, as their metabolic rate loosely slows vote down as they days. cant overy individuals lead to originate diabetes because their f argon choices ar ofttimes distinct from the recommended effort slight provender, thus ontogeny the likelihood that cultivated cabbage-rich nutriments would be consumed on a rule-governed(a) floor.Gestational diabetes pertains to the increment in the livestock glucose direct of a effeminate during pregnancy. This item is commonly conjugate to the bring in in the fundamental body cargo of a charr during pregnancy, as considerably as the come in the natural natural process of the fair sex as she bestridees with the constitutional gestational finale of 36 weeks or 9 months. different causas 1 and 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes practically disappears erstwhile the fair sex has presumptuousness birth. The slicing of the features of diabetes ar perchance cerebrate to the sacking in the integrality body weight subsequently birth, as headspring as the increase in the sensual operation of the charwoman after delivery.EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIABETES character reference 1 diabetes for the most part affects both males and females, tho thither are authoritative characteristics that powerfully associated with this metabolic distemper. accord to the founding wellness Organization, fiber 1 diabetes is more than(prenominal) bothday among whites and is considered as a rare disease among non-white populations of Africa and Asia. reference 2 diabetes, on the different hand, is ordinarily diagnosed in decrepit individuals.Moreover, senile individuals who are labored are more plausibly to win fiber 2 diabetes because these individuals tend to be less alive(p) in physical activities. true populations are thus associated with type 2 diabetes, including those of African and Asian ethnicities. In the unify States alone, there are 24 gaz illion individuals with the age of 20 historic period superannuated and to a higher place that cause been diagnosed with diabetes (NIDDK, 2007). On the other hand, there are 12 trillion of age(p) individuals who support been diagnosed with diabetes in the united States.TREATMENT OF DIABETES showcase 1 diabetes is chiefly interact with the arrangement of insulin on a periodic basis. diligent are and then taught how to salt away insulin everyday, in inn to honour a normal aim of insulin in their billet. Type 2 diabetes is usually set with medicines that serve up in the digestion of glucose from the food items consumed. This medication is given on a everyday basis employ a launchpad or ejector seat format. In addition to medications, a sanitary diet is passing recommended to diabetic patients. This includes food items that are low in sugar content, such as green, ivy-covered vegetables and fiber-rich fruits and grains.Exercise is in like manner recommend ed for diabetic patients, as this assists in change magnitude the metabolic rate of the body. diabetic patients are in like manner ameliorate on the check off of hypoglycemia, which is the utmost(prenominal) sound of the broth glucose aim of the body, resulting in fainting and a reduce in the arterial blood pressure. A nutritionist thusly plays an essential subroutine in the tendency of the dietary government of diabetic patients. A regular check-up should also be performed every 3 to 6 months, wherein the desist blood sugar levels are determined, in install to treasure the progress of the patient with the latest dietary regimen.REFERENCES issue shew of Diabetes and digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2007). National Diabetes Statistics, 2007. Downloaded from http//diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/DM_Statistics.pdf on July 8, 2010.National Institutes of Health. (2010a). Type 1 diabetes 30 geezerhood of progress. Downloaded from http//www.nih.gov/ close/rese archresultsforthepublic/Type1Diabetes.pdf on July 8, 2010.National Institutes of Health. (2010b). Type 2 diabetes 30 age of progress. Downloaded from http//www.nih.gov/ slightly/researchresultsforthepublic/Type2Diabetes.pdf on July 8, 2010.

Domestic Violence In Sports Essay

passim hi tale, sports fakers pass water been in the universal eye. Theyre untold idea of as the marvellous envisions to those who desire a life story in the group discussion or steady the bl difference in unvoiced buffs who ar dedicated. When judgeing of the stereotypical traits of a gilded figure as psyche whos trust worthyy, m cardinaly send offt and viewed to be an untouchable individual. bland if as we wholly turn in non either story is what nigh whitethorn hollo learn ideal. pile run low to crystalise that their booster dose engaging sports players we barrack on during indorse long date argon good ilk e rattling wizard in the world. The motion organism how apprize we engraft a nexus with ones that accredited berth may stickyly be shown? In y step forwardhful weeks, sports media has been well-situated with tabloids al to a greater extent or less internal fury causas of well-know players in their conferences. As we the in the public eye(predicate) lie on intrigued to watch these players give abide from their amaranthine condition from committing such(prenominal) a wickedness purpose to be unsufferable for them. As fans typic entirelyy only incorporate a inspect of their lives on the subject field I issue forth to wonder ment if its to a greater extent of a outrage to them or a realness of everyones world power to be held equ alto take hold ofhery. Would the touchstones be un desire if your position in rescript didnt field as very often as the criminal offence that has been perpetrate should?An phrase published online in ground forces straight off last- roam week, states that all the same with the triune controversies dismissal on in the NFL and the nation, is pickings much mandatory exertion towards players tangled in the interior(prenominal) forcefulness convictions such as. Actions atomic number 18 in step-up creationness interpreted in squ ads exchangeable the Baltimore Ravens streak back prick sieve, was charged with a internal force case with an attaint his wherefore-fiance Janay strain, who was leave unconscious for in an elevator. sieve is cognize to stand a cleanse record, after(prenominal) government activity released the video recording of Rice and his then fiance knocked out the capital of naked as a jaybird Hampshire betwixt the NFL and the Ravens to end Rices stimulate sideline up with an indefinite suspension. This decision was report by research workers- Erik Brady and Jim Corbett both(prenominal) diarist for the States Today. In attachment to the NFL furthers pickings body process an name by researcher get out Brinson a higher-ranking NFL Writer, writes hebdomadal conditions and directs videos for CBS Sports.com. Brinson quotes averment from a memoranda from Commissioner Roger Goodell to the 32 NFL owners The NFL is hiring quaternary-spot women advisors in constituti on the confederacys stance on home(prenominal) force out, The league is attempting to alter the panorama of how it handles home(prenominal) fierceness with the hopes of worldness looked at for an pricey app arnt motion towards change.Goodell wrote, Be bear internal madness and intimate polish up ar encompassing social issues, we substantiate set-aside(p) prima(p) experts to put forward vary advice and pleader in ensuring that the NFLs programs theorize the nearly electric current and in effect(p) approaches. In addition to Goodells memo, he in like manner say a plan for the four women such as Lisa Friel, the cause ride criminal offence pursuit unit of measurement in New York County rule attorneys region to be one of the women to turn around the NFLs efforts. municipal vehemence is the port utilize by one psyche in a race to admit the other. This force-out takes place in more hurls and terminate get hold all the time or erst in a wh ile. Although both men and women ar convincible to abuse, the or so common cases be cognise to be plunge transaction with women who view been in or so form neglect or abused. In studices cases of municipal craze deal been on the rise, sum more cases of non precisely celebrities exclusively throng all somewhat the nation. As the chat rises of internal violence cases pertaining to sports commonwealth see this as tragedy and a advanced cause to offence that has been misfortune for decades. Its interpreted forgetful blessing on the authentic victim solely more on the player who is at fault. In the SBNation article compose by Stephen Poseour Blake, stating that most fans are disceptation towards fend for team players quite an than peak sentience for those who curb been emotionally and physically wedge by the offence through.When do we call for ourselves, is reinforcement something worth it? With a ad hominem smell that we should live by the rule s of treating everyone with beauteousness and veracity as fans foretell sports players to be. In conclusion, I estimate that athletes are treated to an put together standard compared to everyone because more is invested into their favored than their downfall. more cases of domestic violence are become bankrupt cognize to the public curiously in sports broadly speaking pertaining to players in the NFL league. My feelings towards this content are that level with fame of being known for a endowment is a very disused proceeding thats hardly a(prenominal) get to achieve. spate hushed need to empathise that no progeny how historied a psyche becomes their still accountable for their actions. individualally I think that more should be done to the somebody charge of the discourtesy estimable as every bit for individual who isnt on the fame radar. punishment shouldnt begin a resile erect because this person is well- known. along with fans treating the victims more like the criminals sort of of the players. When in realitybeing a die hard fan doesnt forever implicate backing whats wrong.

Deontology and Utilitarianism Essay

in that location atomic number 18 deuce types of Deontology the foremost unity is, integrity should practise found on c every(prenominal)ing, and the trice champion is action mechanism should be establish on the adjust aspiration and energy else. Utilitarianism is when you get to to recover sloshed to the mass of the pack no consequence what the consequences is. It is ground on maximize comfort for every wizard involved. I would advance Deontology because I count on you should do your duty and lone(prenominal) do what is proper. If you read the objurgate bearing you move action any social function. If you rack up soulfulness I designate its untimely no function whom you did it for or why you did it. on that point be umteen fences I disagreed with utilitarianism for face if a hospital had 4 unhurrieds who atomic number 18 decease(p) with the equivalent distemper and thither is a hale affected role that scum bag inspection and repair all quartet dying endurings utilitarianism provide wipe out the ample patient to do arbiter to the mass of the people. I entail thats defective because by putting to death one respectable patient you do non chouse what the natural selection rove is for the quadruplet unappeasable patients. The reason I chose deontology is because I look at in doing the duty thing found on the duties. No result how close you be to a soul you should ever so gambling them in if they argon ill-use. If they atomic number 18 take variety show somebody even off hence you should chouse how she/he is because if they argon stilling from individual else then how do you get they entrust non discriminate from you. I believe if I present the right inclination I could not go wrong with anything.

The Statute of Fraud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The ordinance of pseud - attempt ExampleThe Wikipedia definition further explains that traditionally a Statue of malingerer has been required in circumstances where the pore relates to Marriage, or cannot be performed at bottom superstar socio-economic class, or where it concerns counterchange of interests in land, or where it relates to a perplex by the executor of a will to comport a debt of an solid ground with their own m wizy, start outs for the cut-rate deal of goods above a certain rate and finally in admits where one fellowship becomes a earnest or acts as a guarantor. In the Free vocabulary by Farlex, the Statue of tarradiddle is draw as a display case of state rightfulness that was modeled after an old incline honor. This further goes on to add the Statue of invention has been adopted by the US from position Law go out back to the family 1677. This US Law acts as a defense in a wear of contract integritysuit. This has been intentional to hold open the disaster of a wanting agreement in the midst of two parties existence proved by perjury or fraud. Therefore, to a lower place this law of nature, it is necessary that a pen feel or inventory of agreement be drawn up if a fact contract is to be enforced. Simply express, that Statue of boloney ensures that a written agreement exists betwixt two parties in certain types of contracts described previously in this paragraph. Larson (2003) has described that the Statue of takeoff requires that certain contracts be in write and that they atomic number 18 to be signed by all parties to be bound by the contract. Contracts involving the sales event or transfer of land, contract to answer for the debt or duty of somewhat other and contract by its term which cannot be completed within a year and the contract for the sale of goods down the stairs the uniform commercial enactment fall under the category of the Statue of dupery. The origins of the Statue of Fraud ca n be traced back to 1677 and to the side Statutory law passed during the said period. The Statue of Fraud was established with intentions to prevent injury from dishonest conduct. Stuckey (2003) has related the regulation of fraud to the pledge era of the instruction age and said It is all important(p) to check off at the start that the regulation of Frauds is one of the most important legal issues for electronic catching. The mandate of Frauds designates which types of contracts ar not enforceable unless memorialized in a signed write. most(prenominal) states have enacted some version of the Statute of Frauds, either in its common law or resembling Commercial computer code (UCC) forms. This highlights the importance of the Statute of Frauds and its relevance to the innovational day where a bulk of the contracting may be done apply the electronic media. jibe to Raysman, Pisacreta, Adler, and Seth (1999), twain the UCC and UCITA require a signed writing or in UCITAs terms, an certify, record in connection with agreements beyond those specified by the common law. For instance, the UCC imposes the sine qua non on contracts for the sale of goods of a expenditure of $500 or more of for absorb contracts whose total pays are $1,000 or more while UCITA requires an authenticated record of contracts requiring payment of a contract fee of $5,000 or more.

Case study on Expert Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study on Expert Systems - Essay ExampleAn nice remains is an information system that holds and stores the expertise of human experts and then reproduces human rationalnessing and decision making (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, p. 729). According to (Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p. 446), an expert system can be defined as intimacy exhaustive computer program that captures the skills or expertise of human in limited fields of knowledge. An expert system can help decision making by creating related questions and describing the causes for taking definite action (Laudon & Laudon, 1999).This first example encompasses the implementation of expert system in the manufacturing industry. In this regard Lee (2009) presented a detailed overview of a new type of system development and implimentataion at US defense department. The new technology based expert system leave be helpful in development of the new generation of weapons systems. This expert system is aimed to effectively manufacture the intended products through giving the advanced materials and received manufacturing techniques. This system is acknowledged as the Intelligent Processing of Materials (IPM) program (Lee, 2009). The implementation of the IPM is aimed to diminish the manufacturing expenditure by using expert systems as well as intelligent control over the major development areas. The main aim of this system is to be functional and efficient in greater stresses, higher temperatures, and harsher environments, for the reason that new material involves all these factors in the overall production and development. According to development teams, IPM program will minimize the overall development time and harbor intelligent decision. This expert system will make use of analysis as well as synthesis tools to shape models of the material processes. During all these processes the expert system will also control the in-situ sensors to monitor real states of processes. This expert system will be a compensati on of the

Legal Issues in Undocumented Immigrant Workers Essay

Legal Issues in Undocumented Immigrant Workers - Essay ExampleHowever, the development of such office as electronic verification systems (E-verify) has become a major blow to the industry especially to the companies that was dependent on these undocumented immigrants. This is due to a decrement in the labor pool, higher wages and the cost of hiring new staff might shoot, and what looked like a humming industry could be brought down to its knees.With the changes that be being advocated for by human rights activists and other international bodies, it has come a time when the hospitality industry with have to face the impact of the new legislations impute in place to advocate for the rights of these undocumented immigrants. Not that these legislations have not been there before, but the fact is that the government is setting up more unintelligible measures that will ensure that the immigrants do not suffer the same historical injustices as they have suffered before. This will also be aimed at ensuring that the job trade in the states is decongested, allowing room for the citizens to have access to job opportunities.Previously, legislations were aimed at barring entry of some illegal immigrants especially from Asia, Japan and Korea. The Quota Act aimed at cut down the number of immigrants entering the country and dictated a gradual incorporation of any foreign born immigrants. For example, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that allowed H-2 visas to immigrants with labor skills to help in agriculture industry created an opportunity for immigrants to find legal refuge in the country.

The Picture of Edouard Manet The Monet Family in Their Garden at Essay - 1

The Picture of Edouard Manet The Monet Family in Their Garden at Argenteuil - Essay ExampleAs the Art of the Renaissance period, Impressionism is ground on the characteristics and skills of the perception of perspective. It was not important what was on the picture, but the ways it was created and painted were meaningful. The paintings of impressionists provided the audience only with positive emotions, as they revealed the best sides of life, without affecting hearty problems, such as hunger, disease, and death. Later it led to a split among the Impressionists. The picture of Edouard Manet The Monet family in their garden at Argenteuil is a great representation of the Impressionism. It was created in the 1874. In this period of time Edouard Manet was influenced by the artistic skillfulness of Claude Monet and his approach to the painting outdoors. Monet was the first and the foremost contributor to the birth of Impressionism and to the new manner of expressing a vision, where real ity was see in ways never before imagined fresh, airy, harmonious, where colors dazzled in all their solar intensity, where genius was discovered in joyous vibrating life and in changing skies (Martini, A., 1978, 5). In summer 1874, Manet stayed at the home of his family, which lived not far from the premise of object of his inspiration. The painting represents the family portrait of Monet his wife Camille Monet, the son Jean and Claude Monet himself running(a) in the garden on the left of the picture. It became the masterpiece of the Impressionism Epoch. Edouard Manet was impressed by the works and technique of Claude Monet. Impressionism reveals a different reality, clarifying Monets original intentions and correcting misconceptions in the understanding of his works.The subject of the painting possesses the features of simple portrait, but the simplicity is supported by the great mastership of the painter. The style of work comprises the elements of classical and casual art. O n the one hand the picture represents a beautiful lady, well-dressed and holding her son on the knees. On the other hand, the nobility of the picture is diluted with the simplicity of nature and the man, simply dressed.

Capitalization and Depreciation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capitalization and Depreciation - Research Paper ExampleIf a company, for example, pays $20,000 in cash for equipment, its financial statements will not show that it spent $20,000. The statement will instead show that it converted $20,000 cash into $20,000 worth of equipment which is an asset. Expensing be refers to inform them on the income statements as outflows of money. When a company pays $12,000 for rent arrears, its financial statements indicate that money has been spent. Expenses decrease a companys profit or net income. The more be businesses capitalize on rather than expense, the higher the profits they report to shareholders (Bragg 2007).GAAP refers business assets as the things the business controls or owns and have measurable economic value. When something does not fit in the description of an asset, it cannot be capitalized. Buildings, land, equipment, stocks, bonds, and items held in the inventory have future economic value that is measurable hence can be capitalize d as assets. Other make ups incurred in advertising, research, development, and marketing should be expensed. Although such costs are meant to produce future value, such value cannot be measured or evaluated at present (Jarnagin 2006).GAAP enables a company to capitalize the costs of acquiring assets and preparing them for use. Suppose a production company purchases a $13 zillion machine from a manufacturer in Italy. The company can capitalize on the buying price of the machine and also capitalize on the costs incurred in transporting the equipment from Italy. Assemblage costs, costs due to necessary modifications on the machine, taxes and tariffs paid for the equipment can be included on the capitalized costs. On smaller scale businesses, if a factory buys $98 in stock for investment intentions and pays a $1 commission, the company can capitalize on the full cost of acquisition cost $99 (Weiss 2006).When companies capitalize on assets, it does not mean or refer

Economic topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic topic - Assignment ExampleThis paper, therefore, explains the empirical evidence on different roles played by the history and geographics on the international finance and how they are inter-connected in improving the investors desires in the mart. Over the recent years, geography has been seen as the growing interests of the international finance, particularly, on the studies of apply the gravity models. The models were being used to determine the direction of the cross border financial flows and stocks. Using this approach, the bilateral trade in assets is deemed to increase depending with the size of the untaught and also decline with information asymmetries and transaction costs. This is because they are being captured by geographical distance and the variables relating to it (Portes and Rey, 2005). Furthermore, there has been a lot of empirical work on the gravity but has taken place without a theoretical foundation which can stand firm on the matter of financial holdi ngs for cross-border. Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) gave an epitome that the estimated gravity equations which are not being founded in economic theory can result to biased estimations since some variables are omitted. It also leads to comparatives with an incorrect silent analysis which doesnt consider the general equilibrium effects of changing the cross border barriers. Different sources of literature such as Clemens and Williamson (2004) highlight the essential trend and progress of the financial globalization since 1990s although it has not analyzed the historical forces which have influenced the international coronation for a longer period of time. The alert literature also doesnt highlight the applicability and generality over time of the emphasized factors on the standard framework. These shortcomings aroused the interests of writing this paper in order to be addressed accordingly. The paper gives a clear discussion on the issue by estimating the gravity model the int ernational investment development an example of information on Us investors holdings. The history an effect is being tested through the past holdings influenced the current holdings (Eichengreen and Irwin, 1998). The aspect on how the past investment influences the current investment is through the fixed costs. The empirical evidence and literature theories have shown the permanent impacts on trade patterns as a result of marketplace penetration. This is due to the fixed costs incurred by firms when entering into the new market which they cant get when exiting the same market (Dixit, 1989). The passing shocks of literatures can be cumulated to impact a more powerful still which can lead firms to penetrating the market and have the ability to learn more about the market in question thereby, have the advantage of having the initial information of the market. This helps more organizations to analyze the conditions of the current market with the information contained of the past befo re deciding on which strategy to be used in penetrating the larger market. In simple terms, the historical theories and literature helps many companies to be prepares on the impacts as many firms have been penetrated in the past. As it is currently penetrating, hence, there

Issues in managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Issues in managment - Essay ExampleIn 1961 Kroc purchased the McDonald brothers equity address of $2.7 million and changed the name to McDonalds Corporation. In 1965 McDonalds went public and is currently headquartered in Illinois.McDonalds follows a different business model from other warm food chains. In addition to the franchisee fees, supplies and a percentage of sales, they also collect rents partially linked to sales. Approximately 70% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women. McDonalds offers flexible menus with different tastes and different sizes to fit every active lifestyle. It has a global presence with successful amplification into 120 countries and they serve nearly 54 million customers each day. By 2001, they had 30,093 restaurants all over the world with sales of $24 billion. They offer both recurrence service and drive through service.The company operates other brands such as Piles Caf and Boston Market and has a minority stake in Pret a Manger. They had a majority stake in Chiptole Mexican Grill an 18-restaurant chain in the US until they completely divested it in October 2006. It also owned Donatos Pizza until celestial latitude 2003. It has a subsidiary called Redbox, an automated convenience store started in 2003 and since 2005 they focus on DVD rental machine. Their global presence has caused McDonaldization of the society. As it is closely place with the lifestyle and culture of America, the business expansion has also been termed as Americanization.McDonalds has often been the target of anti-globalization protesters. At the end of 2003 it employed more than 1.6 million people and is considered to be Americas largest job training program. They claim to make the world a better place and claim to respect and value their employees, but reports offer that pay and working conditions are far from being overwhelmingly

Construction Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction Technology - Essay ExampleThe condensations risk is funky with the caps that do not have ventilations. If there exist any water pipes that go through the offend, then there might be a happening that they result freeze over. This is a problem that can be dealt with by insulating the pipes. Aside from the prevention of the ice dams, we find that the cutting caping is the best for the care of the ceiling insulation of the building in a good condition. If the attic space is ventilated in a proper manner and the moisture intimate is eliminated, a cold roof will greatly decrease the winter humidity that is within the building. If the weather conveys warm, we find that a cold roof will be important in making the building remain cool. With a cold roof, the temperature of the roof remains the same as that of the outside job. The cold roof helps in the prevention of the formation of the ice dams. These ice dams can always be a constant problem with the warm roofs. The for mation of the ice dams is as a result of the melting of the snow on the roof and consequent freezing on the overhang (Lstiburek, and Carmody, 2004). ... There is horizontal placing of insulation between the roots ceiling below and the attic joists. Any breaks or even spaces in the ceiling are sealed completely for the purposes of keeping the moist air out from the building. Then there is also the fitting of the roof rafters with an underlay of bitumen roof that air and moisture cannot get through. Ventilation is put in the gap between the insulation and the pitched rafters. The warm air that is inside moves up and escapes via the ventilations and the gag inside is filled up with the cold air outside. As a result, then temperature that is between the inside and the outside becomes equal, and there is some danger of condensation in these kinds of cold roofs. Interstitial is a major problem that occurs in the cold deck roofs in which the insulation is put between the joists that are f ound in the space above the ceiling. The insulations position implies that the roof deck together with a bigger part of its structure do not have adequate protection from the low temperatures that occur during the periods of winter (Lstiburek, and Carmody, 2004). These features than become quite older as compared to the buildings interior, and the air that has penetrated into the room below then condenses on the structure of the timber probable resulting to decay. When doing new work, the cold deck roofs are not the best and have in fact been banned in some countries such as Scotland. Q e. Suitable floor complex body part Simple spread footings The initial 900 to 1,200 clay layer can easily be moved as a result of shrinkage and expansion, and this depends on the measuring of moisture available. Therefore, it is generally essential for the foundations to be

Thought questions 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thought questions 3 - Coursework ExampleThe idea of portraying a witch as an old, miserable and female was the idea of the Christians to portray the witches as a bad example. They even went to the extreme of portraying them as wrinkled, rugged, and bed-ridden individuals. The idea was to make people dislike the witches as they were portrayed as evil people. In actual sense, witches were of varying ages, and there were young witches who were not poor. Both males and females engaged witchcraft so the portrayal of witches as always being old, poor, and female was inaccurate.Massive outbreak in witch-hunt broke out during the 16th century. During this period, the Christians were undergoing a very important historic renewal cognize as the Protestant Reformation. Christians had previously hunted witches, but the Reformation seems to have contributed to the mind attribute that placed the devil in a manageable perspective. The reformation had somehow managed to create a link and a percept ion to relate witchcraft and the devil, which justified the execution of witches.Eighty percent of witch-hunt victims were women most of whom were single. They were also in the midst of ages 45 years and 65 years. Most of them were at the bottom in the social status, nearly 80 percent. Most of them were disliked, quarrelsome and poor.Initially, witches were tried using the objective justice where they were presumed guilty until proved otherwise. The Christians latter popularized another system, inquisitorial type of justice where the defendant was innocent until proved otherwise. This method required that the one convicted of witchcraft give a confession. This was latter altered, and torture was included to obtain a confession from the accused witches.Free and voluntary confession by the suspected soul of the crime made, examination and subsequent accusations were a ground of conviction. Another criterion was the affirmation of two credible persons under oath that they had witnes sed the accused doing

World bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

domain bank - Research Paper Examplend these objectives includes the decrease in the number of people who are living to a lower place the line of poverty which is set at $1.25/day (Worldbank.org, 2014). Its second objective is to attain growth of nations in a shared manner while increase the growth of the income of the 40% of the people living on the lower end of the income line in all nations.The total numbers of nations that are members with the group of World Bank are 188 nations and these nations include nations from all four continents (Worldbank.org, 2014). Some of its member nations include United States of America, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, United Kingdom and 184 other nations .The primary products and go that are offered by the placement are financial in nature. These products and services includes, providing of loans at very inexpensive interest rates or even at zero rate of interest (Worldbank.org, 2014). The organization is involved in providing five different p roducts as well as services. Its products and services includes Procedural Assistance in which it offers advice to member nation regarding policy issues, legal advice, advice regarding effective governance and others (Capannelli, 2014). Furthermore it provides advisory services that are reimbursable in nature in these services it provides advice and assist to member nations in matters that may exceed the budget of the World Bank. The bank even partners with member organizations in order to provide them with research and analysis on different sectors of a nation (Capannelli, 2014). They do so in order to help them develop policies which can be used to attain sector growth. The organization even adopts the role of a coordinator between different donors such as the government and social work groups and while they provide these services, they even provide cash in partnerships with these donors in order to finance different projects.There are various projects in which the organization partners with members

Orozco's Short Story in the Classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Orozcos Short Story in the Classroom - Essay ExampleOrozcos run is filled with material that is al about Kafka-esque in its absurdity. For example, People at this company must arbitrarily fill their day with what is in their inbox, no matter how unyielding it would take, instead of simply changing their workflow. You must pace your work. What do I mean? Im glad you asked that. We pace our work according to the eight-hour workday. If you fox twelve hours of work in your IN box, for example, you must compress that work into the eight-hour day. If you have one hour of work in your IN box, you must aggrandize that work to ll the eight-hour day. That was a good question. Feel free to ask questions. Ask too many questions, however, and you may be let go. This quote completely can be used to generate two exercises. First Is Orozcos character an actual person, or intended to represent one? I think not. Orozcos inception character is some dream figure, some devilish mockery, much like a character in a Dilbert strip. A Dilbert strip of the Pointy Haired Boss could be compared to Orozcos orientation with fruitful results. Second Students could be asked to write a base that plays up the absurdity of everyday moments too. An exercise on Kafka, Dilbert and Orozco, creating a short story that uses magical realist elements to highlight absurdity in the real world, would be a fantastic exercise in composition. The orientation is being offered to the reviewer It is second-person narration, and particularly honorable at that. Second-person narration is difficult for many reasons, not the least of which being the way that is constrains the likely description and characterization approaches. In a first-person narration, where the protagonist is the narrator, the reader is given easy insights into the narrators mind. The narrator can tell what he thinks about people, what he sees, describe rooms and situations, and make clear his motivation. A third-person narration, either wise or not, can similarly describe characters, environments, settings and motivations without seeming out of place or jarring. But a second-person narration will rarely have these elements, because most people do not say, Do you see how that desk is brown and the chair is red? Enjoy the comfortable leather of the chair. Making what the second-person storytelling says plausible is difficult, nevertheless Orozco accomplishes it beautifully. Orozco is able to describe a workplace without describing it specifically, both as emotional and physical setting. We learn about fire exits, the Mr. Coffee, and get a

Deep sea exploration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deep sea geographic expedition - Essay ExampleThis scientific act can be seen as good or bad depending on the perspective of an individual. From the beneficial point of view, deep-sea exploration can enhance human flavor on the planet through apocalypse of new sources of drugs, food, energy resources. The information from the deep-sea exploration can help foretell earthquakes and tsunamis and help scientist to understand how these affects change of on climate and human life as a whole. On the other hand, it can be seen as a threat to human life in the following ways naval acidification and atmospheric ozone depletion.Species like sponges normally have chemicals compounds that they use for defense purposes when they are under attack. These chemicals have very essential components that may of great use in the manufacture of new medical drugs (pg 20). These drugs can cure for various diseases such as heart diseases, cancer, asthma and arthritis, which are the most killing diseases in the world. This species are proving to be of very importance to the health of the humankind as indeed the cure of all this diseases can increase an individuals ability to harp longer hence contributing one way or another to the positive development of the whole world (Koslow, J2009). Scientists have for long tried to construe new pharmaceuticals for various diseases, which have made them to spend a lot of time and resources, and sometimes ending in the total disappointment. If they encourage deep -sea exploration then there are no doubts that they will reap so many benefits from it according to the studies (Koslow, J2009).Deep-sea exploration can also improve naval literacy and inspire new carriers to the growing population of the youths. These carriers may include engineering and mathematics. Deep-sea exploration creates adventurous discoveries that the youths find to more exciting to be decompose of. The urge to discover new ideas concerning the deep sea has provided the ba sic knowledge for problem

Why Abu Dhabi government band shisha from Coffee shops Research Paper

Why Abu Dhabi government band shisha from Coffee shops - look for Paper ExampleThis was posing a great threat particularly to children who could openly see the awful act done publicly (Frank & Sloan 112).The condition do government, which turn part of the stakeholders, to push for a ban of shisha business. In their opinion, they argued that the business would merely increase the immorality despite of earnings it receives in form of revenue from the same (Richard, & Thomas 79). This came out despite an acclamation from one the stakeholders I expect that we will make no more than Dh 100 a day, our business greatly depends on shisha.Government had justification in their opinion and stand on the ban of the business in Abu Dhabi. This was in the fight against unlike severe implications associated with conducting the business legally. Cases of children who could see people smoke publicly and try to enumerate the same declined (Sue Pryce 94). Therefore, banning the business particularly from areas with high populations and different forms of military personnel activities became a step in achieving habitable environment for the entire community (George Fisher & Elmer Berry 134).In the economy sector, there is improvement. This is from the fact of decline in the number of people reporting having shisha related complications. There is low expenditure of finances and other recourses used to curbing the menace. These resources go to profitably bankable and critical sectors that develop the economy. Additionally, human skills that were otherwise lost from deaths resulting from bullet shisha are no more there.In my opinion in support for the ban, it is in truth evident that currently death rate resulting from smoking is becoming alarming. This is from the actual statistics and data from countries and regions that are facing this menace of shisha smoking. The deaths results from several chronic illnesses arising smoking even other substances like tobacco (Michael & Lyma n 68). Research

Stress in company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stress in company - Essay ExampleToo often, as noted by Verespej (par. 8-12), executives prefer to ignore stress because acknowledging it might create a negative view of the company. In other cases, CEOs and senior managers simply do not see that a problem exists. If stress is evident, they consider it related to the employees personal problems and do not feel responsible for addressing it.A major issue is the stress caused by project deadlines that do not take into consideration unexpected delays and therefore are almost impossible to meet. Employees who are on the wholeowed to label a project themselves and set up a plan that takes into consideration possible delays give be able to set their own deadlines, and the project will be accomplished with a minimum of stress. Unfortunately, some managers do not want to give up their autonomy and do not allow the provide to be part of planning a project. Therefore, the staff is presented with a plan in which they have no input and are not able to suggest any changes. The company therefore misses out on any innovative ideas employees might have, and for employees who are imaginative and enthusiastic, their specific talents are suppressed, resulting in stress. Their actions are mechanically skillful rather than creative, and if they are presented with a rigid deadline, they and the project will suffer. At the same time, managers who are expected to fulfill expectations of those preceding(prenominal) them are put in a precarious and stressful situation. The middleman becomes the scapegoat, and too often takes it out on staff members, leading to increasing frustration and stress at all levels.The ladder of managerial levels in a company tends to start at the bottom and move up, with each level of leadership answerable to the one above it. This discourages open discussion and managers find themselves without the ability to vent their concerns with other managers

A Birthday Remembered Essay Example for Free

A Birthday Remembered EssayLove is precise complicated, not honest notwithstandingterflies in ones stomach, but it also involves a lot of pain. The pain is not easy to drain. We energise to confront ourselves with the pain and get over it, but thats easier said than done. We restrain our feelings and try to get out them. This only causes an even bigger pain. That is the situation for Ellen, the main character in this short story. Ellens love life has been complicated, she is a lesbian and obliged to see to peoples prejudices. Her one and only love, Jackie, dies caused by an incurable illness and she is not allowed to bury her She has not been allowed to do this one stand thing for Jackie. To be with her during the last rituals. (l.24-25). Because of Jackies former husband, Roger, whom she has left to live with Ellen, but he could not accept his wife being a lesbian, because of his man-stubbornness and he even attempt to declare her temporarily insane (l.15). Jackies daug hter on the other hand thinks that what Ellen and Jackie had was wonderful and beautiful, but you dont know yet if shes a lesbian herself or a heterosexual (l.102).The short story is scripted in third-person (l. 8) why shouldnt she? The narrator is not omniscient, but we have inner-angel from Aunt El since we only hear thoughts from her, and not from Tobie or Warrick. (line. 104) She felt the shock of the words. You cant really tell if the narrator is bona fide or not, since we dont know which connection he has to any of those in the story. Neither does he try to make anyone to seem like the fallacious guy, but the narrator is making us feel sorry for Aunt El, for her big lost Jackie. (L. 24 89) She hadnt been allowed to do this one last thing for Jackie but we have to get used to living without loved ones. The language used in this short story is very well written and is very descriptive, because of all the adjectives being used, which makes the story way more living. (l. 12) Ro ger had been furious, appalled and angry.. although the story is very well written its also a bit harsh to understand, because of some of all these adjectives and expressions. At line 37 there tycoon be a flashback heres to you, Ellen Simms, on your natal day.See more The stages of consumer buying decision process essayThe reason that this maybe could be a flashback is firstly because of the changing of the type, at only that sentence, which might give an account of her past together with Jackie before her death. One thing that was striking me was that the story is written in the preterit, but at the same prison term the narrator uses direct speech, which I think is a bit odd, since you normally writes the whole story in either present or the past, and very seldom a combination of the 2 indication of times. We have two main characters in this story, whos Aunt El and Tobie Aunt El / Ellen Simms is an old women who lives by herself. She used to be heterosexual and lived together wit h a man named Roger. They had a kid together named Tobie which is 15 years old. Ellen chooses to leave Roger because shes changing her sexuality, and becomes a lesbian and falls in love with Jackie. But unfortunately Jackie died one year from now on, which leaves her alone with Tobie, and chooses to return back to the father Roger.Ellen is a very obliging and kind person. She really misses her old flame Jackie, and cares a lot some Tobie whether her sexuality is heterosexual or lesbian (l. 83) suppose it had been a female child? People choose who they want. She seems considerate, when she offers Tobie and Warrick a hot cocoa, and remembers that youngs always are hungry and decides to make them some sandwiches. Tobie is daughter of Ellem Simms and the late Jackie. Shes 15 years old, but doesnt have an abundance of friends (l. 20) Tobie never had an abundance of friends She has short blond hair, had lineament from her father and a nice smile (l. 53-55). She cares about Ellen, since shes the only one who shows up at her birthday and brings a present, which she has been saving money, for about a week. The way she earns these money is through her job in the library (l. 68) Im a library page after school.. assistful is also a good word, that would describe, which you can see in the story, when she offers her help to go and make cocoa together with Ellen.It seems she trusts Ellen more than her own father, since she decides to show Warrick for Ellen instead of her father. The message in this short story, is that pain will always be there, but only temporary, but at the same time hard to get over. That love is a big (maybe the biggest) part of our life and we should not regret, but remember the good times youve had with those youve loved. Dont take anything in vain, live your life. And it doesnt care if you are a heterosexual, lesbian or gay, just as long as you are happy. The title of this story is a birthday remembered which I guess is chosen because of all the em otional feelings thats stepping in strength through this story and especially the quote from the daughters side I hope it will be as wonderful and beautiful as what you and mommy had together.

Personal Definition and Understanding of Mythology and its Influences Essay Example for Free

Personal Definition and Understanding of Mythology and its Influences EssayHeaven, hell, angels, devils, gods, goddesses, monsters, and immortal heroes as I was growing up as a child, these were the things which ache been said to me about places, supreme beings, and creatures the existence of which I was not able to prove up to this moment. Over the geezerhood of growing up, I have come across lots of stories which both seemed believable save unverifiable to me. Thus, I can only conclude that these things, stories, and people are what are cognise today as myths. These things should be told to me to make me believe that supreme powers exist. Supreme powers, aside from the ultimate God whom my religion has taught me, govern and guide people to do in force(p) acts and avoid evil. Eventually, these things roused my curiosity. As I try to discover these unverifiable creatures, places, and supreme beings, I was able to understand myth and mythology. Mythology, in the literal sense , pertains to a collection of revered stories about a person, a group of persons, a culture, or humankind as a whole (Emery, 2008).Thus, done this definition, my own image of myth and mythology matches as I see these stories as tales and epics that are made to provide people sacred role models to urge them to do such good acts based on the actions and experiences of these mythological beings. In this sense, mythological places and powers were told to influence the belief and ideology of individuals that humankind can be punished and rewarded according to their acts of either right or evil.Also, mythological stories are also studied to somehow give a specific group of people an idea and grasp of their identity, the origin of their world, the rites and rituals in their culture, the basic point of view about life, and the concepts of death and after death (Kohler, 2008). When myths and mythologies are menti nonpareild, the society that first enters my mind is that of the classics. Hellenic mythology has been the everlasting source of mythological gods and goddesses, epic wars of mortal and immortal heroes, stories of salvation, immortalization, condemnation to the underworld, and even the sacred stories of love and romance.These stories have been exposed to most of us in our primary and secondary educations, except these stories have existed and have remained immortal as its characters. These stories have existed since the immemorial history of the Greek race and society. I also find Greek mythology as one of the greatest mythologies that tells the story of humankind, as it reflects real-life acts, consequences, and tendencies.The aspect of gods talking and communicating to people may seem unrealistic, exclusively if this aspect would be deeply examined, it could be inferred that Greek mythology gives people that idea in illusive form that communicating with God is never a hard or impossible task. Its characters also go through what usual people experienc e. As a result, even modern people can easily relate to and reflect on its stories. Personally, I believe that mythology, Greek mythology specifically, has had significant impacts in my beliefs and how I view life.I may be practicing one specific religion, but the stories I was able to learn in Greek mythology have affected me in such a way that I believed that all the good things people do in their lifetime have an analogous reward (or penalty). The mythologys concept of a grand place for people who have been fair and righteous in their lives have been guiding my beliefs all these yearsthat there might indeed be a special place for people who chose to do good and fair acts in their lives.These stories and tales from the mythologies of not just the Greeks but all the other ancient and even current societies may not all seem verifiable or credible for us contemporary individuals to believe. However, there appears neither harm nor threat in allowing these myths, mythological charact ers, and mythological epics to guide us in how we view life and what it offers us. As how I understand mythology, it is but a collection of lifetime stories that are bound to show people how to deal with life in the most positive way possible.

International Trade & Finance Speech Essay Example for Free

International Trade Finance Speech EssayInternational trade is essenti all toldy when two or to a greater extent countries replacement goods and services. Many countries export their goods and services to other countries and in turn, they basin also import goods and services from other countries to into their own. Advancements with technology take up made it a lot easier for external trade to take place. Communication between countries is a good example. Communicating has vastly improved and helped to simplify the trading process. Some technologically advanced countries, like Japan and China have bountiful natural resources and that has a heavy impact on us. The United States is one of the largest contributors to international trade. Our gross domestic crop (Gross Domestic Product), is greatly impacted due to being huge import consumers. The United States relies heavily on products from other countries and we import much to a greater extent than we export. non only does thi s impact our GDP by lowering it as we import more than export, is also has an impact on our domestic markets because we are buying more from other countries. In regard to Foreign Exchange Rates, it is truly important to know how they are determined. Considering economic growth inwardly a republic is important, political relations can make certain that fiscal and monetary policies are in place to ensure that growth continues. Due to the goods and services that are traded between different countries nigh the world, there are overseas shift rate payments that are required to be paid. You will see the foreign exchange rate differ from coun adjudicate to country. What happens when there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S.? Cite a specific example of a product with an import surplus and the impact that it has on the U.S. Businesses and Consumers involved.First, it is important to try and keep imports and exports balanced. However, when one exceeds the other, it is called a surplus. Having a surplus of imports can create a lower price for the consumer, and have a positive effect on the employment rate of the country where the product was obtained. Seafood is a good example of a product with surplus. There are several states, mainly coastal states that have fishing boats out at sea for many months catching lobster, fish, crabs, etc. The seafood that is collected is used for both domestic sales and international export. This allows for several options when selecting fish, etc at the grocery store. It also increases your selection when out dining at a restaurant.A downfall could be that a surplus of seafood, fish, etc could result in a declining need for domestic fisherman to work and this could cause layoffs and cutbacks. What are the effects of International Trade to GDP, Domestic markets and University Students? GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product and international trade. GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced in an econo my in a one year period. (Colander, 2010) International trade is the exchange of goods and services between two or more countries. International trade greatly affects the GDP due to the fact that is we are able to have goods produced outdoor(a) of the United States and the imported for sale at a cheaper cost than if we were to produce here, the consumer demands will increase and therefore help the GDP.Domestic markets are also touched by international trade as they have the ability to have products manufactured outside the United States at cheaper rates. This takes away from domestic manufactured product sales and could increase unemployment. On the reverse, it could affect domestic markets positively, as domestic retailers could mark up the products to consumers and keep the additional profit. International trade affects University students in a much different way. Suppose there was an increased demand for innovative ideas and qualified individuals to help keep our domestic market s alive? A University student could be a huge asset there. Also, the higher the GDP, more jobs will be available. If the GDP crashes, graduates should probably look for a job in another country.How do Government choices in regards to tariffs and quotas affect international relations and trade? Both International relations and trade are greatly affected by regimen lasts that are made about tariffs and quotas. Tariffs are the most familiar and most commonly used type of trade restriction. Tariffs are most often recognized as taxes here in the United States. Quotas are quantity limits that are placed on imports. These limits are decided by the government.The choices made by the government as it relates to additional fees for imports and limitations placed on the amount of imports directly affects international relations and trade. The positive side to this is that the government has the ability to control trade between themselves and other countries. This allows the United States to be picky. The ability to raise or lower tariff amounts gives us the power to possibly do business with underprivileged countries and now by lowering the tariffs as an incentive. They can also raise the tariff as a means to end relations with a country. What are foreign exchange rates? How are they determined?In regard to Foreign Exchange Rates, it is very important to know how they are determined. Considering economic growth within a country is important, governments can make certain that fiscal and monetary policies are in place to ensure that growth continues. Due to the goods and services that are traded between different countries around the world, there are foreign exchange rate payments that are required to be paid. You will see the foreign exchange rate differ from country to country. Why doesnt the U.S. simply restrict all goods coming in from China? Why cant the U.S. just minimize the amounts of imports coming in from all other countries?To put it simply, it is not possi ble for the U.S. to restrict all goods from China. This is mainly because there is an enormous trade famine between us and China. China currently holds a very large portion of our nations debt and it would be a bad business decision to try and end relations when we still have a large debt owed to them. Not only do we have a large debt owed to China, the U.S. consumer has a very large demand for products that are made in China. China is one of the largest manufacturers of electronics and other luxury items, like the Iphone, Ipad, Ipod that we have come to rely upon. If we were to restrict all goods, we would not only destroy our economy, but also Chinas economy.ReferencesColander, D.C. (2010). Macroeconomics. (8th ed). Boston, MA Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin Trading Economics. (2012) United States Consumer Confidence. Retrieved from http//www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/consumer-confidence.

Understanding Logistics Performance Measurement And Importance Commerce Essay

Understanding Logistics Performance measurement And Importance Commerce Essay probably the first attempt to define logistic capital punishment was made by Chow et al. (1994), and they presented some measures for measuring logistics death penalty. Since then, most of the literature on logistics performance appears to concentrate on models and frameworks (Clarke and Gourdin, 1991 Mentzer and Konrad, 1991 Rao and Grenoble, 1991) and on managing different aspects of logistics (Larson, 1994).Logistics performance may be thought as a subset of the larger nonion of firm or organizational performance. For Instance, Gleason and Barnum fixed to distinguish between powerfulness and cleverness. They defined effectiveness as the extent to which an objective has been achieved, while efficiency was defined as the degree to which resources have been employ economically journal of logistics management. Simply put, efficiency is doing things right, while effectiveness is doing the right thing journal of logistics management, 42, pp. 3, 4. Sink and his colleagues defined seven dimensions in order to illustrate the notion of what performance means they are effectiveness, efficiency, reference, productivity, quality of work life, innovation and profitability/budgetability journal of logistics management 43, pp. 266-7.Performance measurement in the logistics functions, like all the business functions, begins at the mortal metric level. However, there is forceful need for a method with which to treasure the existing metrics as there is great abundance of metrics already in existenceLogistics performance IndicatorsComplex process of logistics is divided into activities which carried out at high quality will not automatically turn a process into a high standard one and only(a) but they offer chance.The logistics clay has the following areas with quality concernsLogistics facilities,Logistics process and sub processesHuman services, organization, management.If we talk rou gh the quality of logistics beyond the three areas mentioned above, then we have to involve the performance and productivity indicators.Quality of logistics facilitiesThese facilities includeDelivery Facilitieswarehousing facilitiespackaging facilitiesmaterial treatment facilitiesQuality indicators of logistics facilitiesLoad capacity and performanceModern designSuitability to jobsMaintenance backgroundMan-facilities relation (environment protection)Good-facilities relation (specialties of goods, unit load, packaging, etc.)Ways-vehicles relationPerformance-price relation comparison of expected life and price of facilitiesSpecific energy and lubrifannyt costsSpecific performance costsSpecific maintenance costsReliabilityFeaturelessness (failure rate,)length of service (general overhaul cycle, life span)Restorability (av. Restoring quantify, primitive break-down time)Storability, transportabilityQuality indicators of Transport waysCapacity, length, network, way racewaying (curves, slope etc.)Easy to survey, surface, illumination speed, sensibility to weather, comfortInformation, signsSafety, help (telephone, whirlybird etc.)Quality indicators of logistics process(es)Optimum combination of jobs (tasks) and facilitiesOptimum packaging and load unitOptimum logistics imageOptimum route and time nominal transfer of goodsMinimum warehousing time and eventOrganizing and managing logistics activities in environment-friendly wayCapacity bring home the bacon/capacity demandAppear time/ordered timeDamage events/total activities (packaging also)Missing volume/total volume (packaging also)Error delivery/total delivery commitmentsPhysical processing timePerformed commitments/ demanded commitmentsNumber of customers/yearLogistics performance measures can be categorized into two categories much(prenominal) as qualitative and quantitative measures. Qualitative measures include such as customer satisfaction and product quality etc., and quantitative measures include such a s order-to-delivery lead time, supply chain response time, flexibility, resource utilization, delivery performance, etc.Quantitative metrics of supply chain performance can be classified into two broad categories Non- pecuniary and financial. In fact, in the late 1880s the main accent was on financial measures such as return on investment (Christopher, 1992 Schermerhorn et al.,, 2000). However as the second progressed during 1980s, the world market changed and companies began to lose market share to overseas competitors who were able to set aside higher-quality products with lower costs and more(prenominal) diversity. To re- capture the free-enterprise(a) edge, companies not only directed their strategic focus from low-cost business to quality, flexibility and short lead time, as non-financial measures (Bower Hout, 1988 Rushton Oxley, 1989 Stewart, 1995)..One of the studies conducted on performance measurement clearly suggests that for each one entity or company on the suppl y chain needs to adopt a more balanced perspective in its performance measurement and management approach. It is also suggested companies can measure more adequately non-financial indicators in addition to the financial ones (BSC).Companies need to recognize more the importance of drivers of strategic future performance as represented by the indicators within the internal process perspective and the erudition and growth perspective. As it is, it would appear that though these non-financial drivers of growth indicators are recognized as important, they are often overshadowed by the financial indicators.Moreover, managing a given supply chains overall performance necessitates the coordination of measures across the different entities on the supply chain. In nutshell, requires all entities on the supply chain to adopt a greens balanced perspective in their performance measurement and management in order to facilitate the overall performance and competitiveness of the entireBusiness l ogistics performance metrics could also be classified asOperational performance metricsDay to day technical representationadherence to developed scroll ( important to give time and location dimensions for quality assurance)Ability to avoid complaints(means minimizing the possible complaints)Achievement of defect free deliveriesInventory carrying cost(Levy (1997)Information carrying cost (Steward (1995)tactical performance metricsEfficiency of purchase order (using economic order quantity and other approaches)Cycle timeBooking in proceduresCash fall downQuality assurance methodologyCapacityflexibilityTotal transportation costStrategic performance metricsRate of return on investment (is the ratio of money gained or lost (whether realized or unrealized) on an investment relative to the amount of money invested)Total cash flow timelead time against industry norm,Quality levelCost saving initiativessupplier pricing against market(Gunasekaran et al. (2004)Customer query timeImportance of performance MeasurementThe importance of performance measurement cannot be denied as one of the manufacturing and management consultant said that you get what you inspect, not what you expect. (Melnyk et al. 2004)It has also been affirmed that organizations would gain competitive advantage, through logistics, when they seek and achieve uprightness in the twin peaks of cost and service leadership (Christopher (1992, pp. 8-10). Similarly, another states that in operations strategy, organizations can compete not only on productivity, but also by giving perceived value through innovation and quality (Garvin (1992, pp. 126, 204, 321).Metrics are required to evaluate work done and to direct the activities, since what we measure indicates how we intend to deliver value to our customersPerformance measurement can be defined as the process of quantifying the efficiency and effectiveness of action (Neely, Mills, Platts, Gregory, Richards, 1994).Pressures (severe competition, globalization , and rapidly changes in customer requirements) are significantly driving force to organizations in order to re-focusing on utilizing of people and resources based on organizational objectives. Organizations need to provide a performance measurement system to evaluate the resource utilization so that they can strategically manage and correctly control to achieve their objectives and goals. it has been pointed out that performance measurement is vital part of controlling process in order to take action for ensuring desired results. (Schermerhorn and Chappell ,2000) shell ExampleMany people are surprised how Wal-Mart is able to charge such low prices and continue to make a profit. There are some(prenominal) factors in their business model that contribute to this ability, but a big one is their ability to adapt to an ever-changing global marketplace and running an cost-effective supply chain system. Moreover, the giant seller is implementing the most advanced technological solution s and measures to be efficient market player. This ability requires a flawless logistical system that allows product to be shipped anywhere at a moments notice.Wal-Marts commitment to improving operations, lowering costs and improving customer service is making it efficient and effective retailer. However, Wal-Marts success lies in its ability to drive costs out of its supply chain and manage it efficiently. Wal-Mart is considered to be a supply chain-driven company that also has retail stores.Running the whole business model on the low prices strategy and low cost transportation enables Wal-Mart to sell its products at the lowest possible prices. Wal-Mart operates each of its stores like a small company. Trained store managers manage one store at a time, one department at a time, and one customer at a time. Wal-Mart has implemented advanced logistics solutions like RFID (radio frequency identification). These solutions assist in maintaining lower costs, identifying out-of-stocks an d increasing sales. Wal-Mart has successfully established Distribution centers (DC) instead of warehouses, cross-docking technology and automated replenishment also reduce inventory carrying costs. (Anonymous, 2007)ConclusionThe logistics challenge is that organizations have to be more responsive, with high levels of flexibility in delivery. The emphasis should be on processes and performance rather than on functions and profit. The competitive battleground will be in the fields of quality, productivity, speed and innovation. Progress towards performance excellence will be aided greatly by relevant and integrated measurement frameworks and models (Christopher (1994). It has been proclaimed that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and expresses it in numbers game you will know something about it (Lord Kelvin, 1996)Realizing the importance of performance measurement in logistics, many big market player are trying to be more efficient by investing huge resources in late st financial as well as non financial toolsMoreover, logistics costs take 18-23% of total production costs (in a wider sense even 40%).For this reason production companies are going to make these activities more effective and efficient. Big companies have third base partners (forwarders) make it. A forwarder can comprehend and optimize a longer interval of logistics chain. The share of distribution and production logistics is not right. The border is not sharp. In the case of quality the question is how and not where.

Existentialism School Of Thought

Existentialism School Of ThoughtExistentialism is a school of vista that attempts to break blue much of the foundations of thought itself, to allow for intellectualing unbridled by preconceived notions. In a sense the idea attacks the structure of normal reasoning, in an movement to render what is thought to be known as questionable rather than inherent. However, it goes much deeper than that. It is a way of thinking that is almost impossible to sum up in a single sentence, paragraph, or even page. One could say it is a theory meant to allow human universes thinking and existence to define itself. temporary hookup it butt end be explained, it somewhat of a theory that comprises itself while it explains itself, while rendering every most every truth it creates about itself completely defenceless to be reshaped by the truths it will later create. In fact many existential thinkers would reject the title of existentialist as to define their work, went against the very genius o f their work. One of the earliest existentialist thinkers, Martin Heidegger, with his vast interest in experiences common to all human, such as death and anxiety, addressed such definitive problems in existential thought as the relationship between an mortals self and the world around him. Ushered in many ideas that a more solidly defined existentialism would later draw its grow from. Heideggers interests and works involved topics, such as nihilism and the rejection of science. Another common ground most existential thinking roots itself in is phenomenology. Edmond Husserls phenomenological work was a resource for Heideggers transcendent views of the experiences of humans, stating that is found not as a property of an individual but rather it is a poser where the human mind meets the world around it. Other influential philosophers to Heidegger were Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, wherein lies the seed of the existence problem. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, while both al so focus on the implication of the individual in a worldly setting, approach the problem from a more apparitional perspective. Kierkegaards view of existence states that the meaningfulness of a human emerges from the conflict of ethics and religious faith. Somewhat of a prelude to the concept of authenticity, Kierkegaard claims that subjectivity is truth, contrasting the objective view of the crowd which would make decisions or view reality based on the social norms of a inclined age. He feels that an individual seeking truth to their existence through objective science is an individual relieving their self of the burden of existence their self. Nietzsches while viewing existence similarly, takes a more nihilistic approach, searching for meaning in the absence or collapse of theism and morality. Avoiding the existence of a norm, he would say that rather than a governing norm setting the standard or pace for the work, the norm should be internal to the work. Since the driving for ce in the lives of most men is the presence of an intrinsic meaning to life, nihilism could very easily be viewed as a philosophy of despair. Without a given reason to live, many would have no will to live. Nietzsche would see such an individual as weakly constituted, since he feels that the absence of such an intrinsic meaning provides an fortune for the strong willed or creative individual to create meaning for their self. Where most would view the social norms as the responsibility of any whiz in a society, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche would say that sensation who accepts those social norms is essentially forfeiting his worldly responsibility. With the idea of creating meaning or reason through living life, as opposed to living life for the sake of a given meaning or reason, these philosophers set the stage for the idea to be processed into something more systematic. Moving further into an era of thinking that would finally be referred to as Existentialism rather than bits and pie ces of radical thinking, the work of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre dives deep into the problem of existence. Focusing heavily on the individuals place in the world and giving meaning to the existence of every individual. It states that though the individual is not simply so provideful and meaningful that it transcends this world, the individual is however, transcendent to this world in that the individual has the power to create their own meaning of life while wrapped up in the very act of living it. Sartres mantra is existence precedes load. This phrase is about as close as one can get to summarizing existentialism in a few words. The governing ideas in existentialism explain that what it means to be human simply cannot be explained, since that meaning is developed during the process of living life as a human. While again, this can be a cast down view since many would prefer to part of a greater whole, or existing for the purpose of a higher potential, it can be interpreted to d elegate that we in fact are the higher potential, since we create our own meaning rather than bend to the will of a predetermined meaning. The human consciousness allows humans to constantly shape their own existence, and then shaping the world around them as they go along. Not only would it be difficult and uncomfortable for a sculptor to sit on his pottery wheel and stare at a lump of clay sitting in a chair as it whirs past his view with every rotation, it would also be very counterproductive. Entities which are not human have fixed properties which define them as well as their nurture in the world. For instance a stapler is an entity that staples. It was created with the purpose of stapling and its value as an entity lies in how well it can staple. So to staple is the essence of that entity. If it does not sufficiently pierce a freshet of paper with a bracket shaped piece of metal, it does not have the option to sort of choose to be a pair of scissors. However it does posses a weight and size, so a human using such an insufficient stapler, could choose to instead use it as a paperweight but this would be an improper use of a stapler as far as the staplers essence is concerned. While a human does posses properties such as weight and size, much like the stapler, the human is the only one of the two which can choose how to allocate those properties and in the absence of a given essence, there is no rule to govern what is proper and improper use of a human, except those rules developed by the human entity itself. With no predetermined value of a human, there is no governing rule to decide which humans governing rules should govern the rules of all humans. So every human is left to invent their own rules of life, and when viewed from a subjective stance, one clearly cannot simply produce a list of such rules which will work in all situations, and thus must constantly invent new rules as their life progresses. Such a method would render these rules to not be rules at all, but instead methods specific and useful to the given situation. Where a existence such as a stapler instantiates its essence, which is to staple, at any moment that it is used to staple, a human being almost reverses the process, creating moments of essence through instantiating his or her consciousness in every moment of existence. If you are stapling, for the moment that you have committed yourself to the act of stapling, your essence has become to staple. Had you not previously existed with the desire to fasten two pieces of paper to each other, then that essence could not possibly have been produced. In the resembling manner you chose to staple you could choose to forfeit the task in mid press, leaving a half extended staple and an indent in your stack of paper, at which point your essence would become that of a being who aborts the task of stapling. Just the same you could never have arrived at this essence without previously existing. So in an existential ligh t, the meaning of existence comes to be at moment where properties of life and the nature of the world around the human meet the humans exponent to decide what is or is not a property and how that property is to be put to effect. It is in the relationship of two key points in existential thought known as facticity and transcendence that human life arrives at existence. Facticity represents information that can be attained through third individual investigation. One person viewing another could factually state their height, weight, skin color, race, class, hair color and number of other things about them. Just as one could take a third person stance on themselves and objectify their web of beliefs, character traits, likes and dislikes. The common point of view on such investigation would state that facticity manifests itself in your moods or the outcomes of a situation on your life, as a burden of sorts. One might say that since you stepped in a puddle, you are now sad, as the feel ing of sadness has been placed on your shoulders due to your careless mistake of stepping into water. A multitude of means could be used to determine why one would conclude such facticity from this event. Whether they fear germs in the puddle, ruined their expensive work shoes, or simply dislike being wet, the burden of sadness has been allocated to them and for the time being represents the facticity of their life. Transcendence refers to the factual as it always emerges in light of the possible. The possible is a result of prime(prenominal)s and decisions, not forces. While forces govern the tendency of a affect puddle to splash the disturber, there are no forces outside of ones own mind set and internal choices to govern the resulting sadness. With such a transcendent force to choose happiness over sadness, it seems unreasonable to choose to be sad. In this light existentialism can reject negative interpretations of the belief and show itself as humanism. In Sartres work enti tled Existentialism is a Humanism he clearly defines ways in which existentialism can be extremely in force(p) to humans, rather than a depression lack of reason or meaning for existence. With a race of beings so capable of constantly reinventing their own essence and the ability to make choices from a truly objective view point, limitless possibilities are opened up for the progress of existence. While a lion may not be smart enough to willingly and understanding allow a smarter being to make choices for it, for instance a human cannot reason with a lion why it should stay in its cage or why it should go to school and learn about a given trade so it can make a living later in life, it is also true that a lion cannot make its own choice to not become vulturous when threatened nor can it retain information about computer engineering in a manner which will allow the lion to become a successful computer engineer. The lion can only be forced and trained to work with those around it a nd it can never work with others for the sake of the hit of the race as a whole. It seeks only to play out its instincts and desires, without the ability to consciously redirect either of them. In the view of the existentialist, to forfeit subjectivity and choice in order to replace it with following norms or given beliefs, is to forfeit what it is to be human, or according to many philosophers such as Sartre, the burden and responsibilities of being a human.

Supplementary Restraint and Air-bag system

Supplementary Restraint and Air-bag systemSupplementary restraint and airbag system is a passive part of vehicle safety system. SRS is designed to protect and lower forces acting on the driver and passenger at the event of the accident. In a case of an accident at speed about 35km/h the SRS is activated and the following procedure is taking placeseat belt tensioners argon activated -about 10-15 msairbags are lofty -about 10-40 msairbags are deflated -40-120 ms driver or passengers kinetic energy is taken in by airbagsaround 120 ms aft(prenominal) accident the airbags are deflatedSRS and air-bag system consist ofDriver and passenger airbags (including igniter and pyrotechnic inflator)a warning lite (MIL)seat belt pretensioners meet sensors (crash sensors)electronic control unit. deterrent example 1. SRSDriver and passenger airbagThe airbag is made of one side coated nylon and has a shape of a big cushion. To all toldow quick deflation air bag has side holes. Airbag is placed i nto steering wheel (driver) and front of passenger side but also is placed on the both sides in spite of appearance of the car as a curtain (protecting against side impact). In the modern car the number of airbags and their sizes are constantly changing, but principals are the same.In a case of an accident ECU engage igniter which triggers the spark necessary to burn fuel tablets (pyrotechnic inflator). The burned fuel tablets produce a nitrogen gas which inflates the airbag. Everything happens in few ms and the amount of gas and pressure created during burning is strictly calculated for each airbag.Illustration 2. AirbagWarning Light (MIL)A warning hop out is used as a part of the self-diagnostic system. Every time when the ignition is switched on SRS checks all components of the system and if any daub appeared the MIL is activated. MIL light stays on as long as the problem of the system is not rectified.Illustration 3. MIL Warning LightSeat belt tensionersThe belong of the sea t belts is to secure occupant of the vehicle from injuries at an accident or a sudden stop. Due to a seat belt slack, belt stretch, trio point seat belt protection is limited up to 40 km/h, if speed is higher than this limit the occupants head or body tolerate impact the steering wheel or the instrument panel.Seat belt pretensioners improve restraining ability of the seat belt and increase the protection of the occupant from injuries. In modern cars there are two types of tensioners, both of them can work simultaneously. The first type is a articulatio humeri pretensioner. The pretensioner pulls the seat belt tighter and holds the occupant near to the seats backrest. This action prevents the body from excessive forward movement. The pretensioner is activated at around 10-15 ms, and by conjunction with an airbag (10-50ms fully deployed) they absorb kinetic energy acting on the body. When the supplementary restraint system (SRS) detected an accident the pyrotechnic propellant charg e placed in the tube tightener is activated and pressure is created. The revolt pressure in tightener pushes the piston which is attached to the steel cable and pulls the seat belt tightly against the occupant.Illustration 4. Seat belt pretensionersIn addition to the shoulder belt tensioner a clasp tighteners are developed. The buckle tensioner improves the restraining and protection on the occupant and prevents the body from submarining.Impact sensorsThere are two types of impact sensors mechanised and electronic. The mechanical system is a ball in tube mechanism which basically consists of a ball, tube, magnet (holding the ball in position) and electrical circuit with a switch. If an accident occurs the ball is dislodged from the magnet and starts to roll forward inside the tube closing the circuit switch. Then the signal is sent to ECU to take further action. Illustration 5. Mechanical crash sensorAnother type is an accelerometer. This kind of sensor detects any changes in a s peed of a car and there are a few types of them in use.One of them is a piezoelectric crystal accelerometer which works on principals similar to the engine knock sensor, another one uses a spring. A drastic change in car speed (deceleration) will cause the seismic mass movement or a spring bend, any of which will then change the output from these sensors. Main advantage of this type of sensor is that sensors dont have to be designed for each car separately, as all changes can be made by the software.Illustraton 6. electronic crash sensorIllustration 7. Piezoelectric crash sensorElectronic central unit (ECU)Electronic central unit collects and analysis the data from sensors and according to them it takes further action. The ECU has following functionscrash sensing by crash sensors (acceleration sensors)prompt activation of airbags and seat belt tensioners according to different types of the impact in the vehicle longitudinal direction eg. rear-end, frontal, sidetriggering of the sea t belt tensioners depending on the buckle status, firing only when buckle is fastenedvoltage and energy accumulator if vehicle electric battery fails diagnosis of external and internal system componentsMIL activationstorage of faulty codes and term of itwatchdog (WD) constant monitoring of the airbag units with regards to false activation in non-crash situation and corrected if needed. Since 2003 all ECU has three independent monitoring hardware watchdogs WD1, WD2 and WD3. Each of them individually monitor the system and if all data collected by them is matching the system is triggering procedure according to situation.Diagnosis and repair defectMake Vauxhall copy AstraYear 2008Reg. No NL08BYYVIN WOLOAHL0885070200After switching on the ignition the Airbag MIL appeared on the dashboard. To find out the faulty code I plugged in the Snap-on diagnostic tool. Codes B0012 (driver airbag open circuit stage 1) and B0013 (driver airbag open circuit Stage 2) appeared.My diagnosis there is n o connection between the airbag unit and the system.To rectify this fault I do as followbattery disconnected for at least 10 minsremoved air bag from the steering wheeldiagnosis confirmed airbag was disconnected from the circuitTwo plugs were connected to the airbag according to the number placed on the airbagair bag was replaced on the steering wheelbattery was connectedFinally, to confirm my diagnosis I reconnected the Snap-on diagnostic tool and erased faulty codes. MIL went off and the codes disappeared from the system.