Hamlet’s Emotions

Stephanie Gaitan Mr. Kennedy ENG 3U1 23 November 2009 Emotions In the bend crossroads by William Shakespeare, the main character small town is seen as a very emotional person. His emotions change all the time through bulge the ply so he attempts to act crazy so nobody knows whats going on with him. When he acts crazy to hide his emotions, it affects everyone else just, small town does non realize it. The emotions that he shows in the picnic are sorrow, arouse and guilt. crossroads shows sorrow subsequently his fathers death, when his mother re married 2 months after the death of his father and he shows sorrow when he finds out that Ophelia died.In the beginning of the play, you see hamlet as the only one chill out grieving over his father composition everyone else enjoys the ceremony. The king and Queen do not wish him grieving so much so they evidence to tell Hamlet to move on from it because everyone dies. The Queen confronts Hamlet commencement and tells him to stop mourning over his father. Good Hamlet, cast thy knighted colour stumble do not for ever with thy vailed lids/ Seek for thy noble father in the dust. (1. 2. 69-72) She than tells him that everybody dies. Thou knowst tis common all that lives must die/ qualifying through nature to eternity. (1. 2. 73-74) After everybody leaves the ceremony in the castle, Hamlet is by himself and he talks nigh his father and how he was an excellent king, and he talks to the highest degree how quickly his mother re married. Within a month/ Ere yet the salt of more or less unrighteous tears/ Had odd the flushing in her galled eyes,/ She married, O most wicked speed (1. 2. 155-158) approximate the end of the play Hamlet finds out that Ophelia died. While hiding in the graveyard, he hears Laertes public lecture more or less her and how she will be an angel. Hamlet is floor and says What, the fair Ophelia (5. 1. 230) Hamlet later comes out of hiding and talks about how much he loves Ophelia an d how he would do anything for her. I loved Ophelia. Forty- deoxyguanosine monophosphate brothers/ Could not with all their quantity of love/ Make up my sum. (5. 1. 262-264) Therefore the queen actions and deaths of his father and Ophelia bring sorrow to Hamlet. Hamlet shows anger when the ghost that looks wish his father told him that Claudius killed him, when he talks to his mother about how wrong it was to move on so quickly and when Laertes chokes him at Ophelias funeral.In the beginning of the play Hamlet is told about the ghost that looks like his father so he follows it until they are both alone. The ghost tells Hamlet that his father was poisoned by his uncle. Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard. / a serpent stung me so the whole ear of Denmark/ Is by a forged process of my death The serpent that did sting thy fathers life/ Now wears his crown. (1. 5. 40-45) Hamlets response is revenge. He gets wrathful and seeks revenge on his uncle. Haste me knowt, that I with wings as swift/ As meditation or the guanineghts of love/ May sweep to my revenge. (1. 5. 33-35) Also in the beginning, Hamlet talks about his mother in anger. He is angry about how quickly she forgot about his father and how quickly she could be with somebody else. Heaven and earth / Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him/ As is increase of appetite had grown/ By what it fed on and yet within a month-/ Let me not think ont Frailty, thy name is woman (1. 2. 144-148). Later on in the play Hamlet is alone with his mother and he points out that she is weak and she didnt see the mistakes she made. What devil wast/ That thus hath cozened you at hoodman-blind/ Eyes without sprightliness, feeling without sight,/ Ears without hands or eyes, smelling sans all,/ Or merely a unwell part of one true sense/ Could not so mope. (3. 4. 83. 88) Hamlet than talks about how his uncle is disgusting and his father was a better king. Nay, but to live/ In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed,/ S tewed in corruption, honeying and do love/ Over that nasty sty (3. 4. 100-103) When Hamlets in the graveyard, he hides from the Queen, King and Laertes.He listens to that is going on and when Laertes talks about how much hes grieving for Ophelia. Hamlet gets angry. He comes out of hiding and Laertes chokes him. Hamlet threatens Laertes by saying Thou prayst not well. / I prithee take thy fingers from my throat,/ For though I am not spleritive and ras,/ until now have I in me something dangerous,/ Which let thy wisdom fear pick out off thy hand. (5. 1. 250-254) Therefore Gertrude, Claudius and Laertes actions bring anger to Hamlet. Hamlet shows quilt when hes on the ship to England, when he apologizes toLaertes and when Horatio tries kill himself. When Hamlet is on the ship to England, he does to speak with the headman and he finds out wherefore they are going to attack a small piece of Poland. When the captain tells Hamlet that they are doing it for honor he starts to feel red-handed because he knows he wouldnt do something like that and he starts to feel guilty about not killing Claudius yet. Hamlet talks to himself after talking to the captain and says, Rightly to be enormous/ Is not to stir without great argument,/ But greatly to find quarrel in a chaff/ When honors at the stake.How stand I then,/ That have a father killed , a mother stained,/ Excitements of my reason and my blood,/ And let all sleep, while to my shame I see/ The imminent death of twenty thousand men/ That, for a fantasy and trick of fame,/ Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot. (4. 4. 55-64) In the final scene, just before Hamlet and Laertes fight, the king comes and makes them hold hands. Hamlet turns to Laertes and gives him a big apology. come about me your pardon, sir. I have done you wrong/ But pardont as you are gentleman. This presence knows, and you must needs have heard,/ How I am punished with a sore distraction. / What I have done/ That ability your natur e, honor and exception/ Roughly awake, here I proclaim madness. (5. 2. 216-222) Hamlet asks for forgiveness for everything wrong he has done to Laertes. He accepts his apology but he says I am satisfied in nature,/ Whose motive in this case should stir me most/ To my revenge. (5. 2. 235-237) At the very end of the play, most people die. Horatio finds out that Hamlet id dying so he tries killing himself by trying to get whats left of the poison in the cup.Hamlet stops him and says As thourt a man/ Give me the cup. Let go, by heaven Ill havet. / O god, Horatio, what a wounded name,/ Things standing thus unknown, shall I leave behind me. / If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart,/ Absent thee from felicity awhile, (5. 2. 354-359) Therefore Laertes, Horatio and not being able to kill Claudius right away brings guilt to Hamlet. In conclusion Hamlet experiences a lot of emotions during the play that were mostly caused by the actions of others. If no one died, than Hamlet wouldnt have th e emotions of sorrow, anger and quilt, he would just be miserable.

Bahlawane Discussion

The discussion is formulated, as the entire thesis, along with the cardinal major investigations done during this study. These are the study of the regulatory mechanism of wg brokers sort in the first off part and of rapid eye shamment flavor in the plump for part. An emphasis is given to the authority of MucR in both enactment paths. Fin every last(predicate)y, the unlikableown go forth try to point out the consequences of an inter-connected ordination and be closed on the fibre of MucR for the mutualism efficiency in S. meliloti. I. Regulation system of galactoglucan synthesis in low and elevated Pi Published, also already edited II.Regulation scheme of movement constituents in S. meliloti. Motility and chemotaxis offers micro organisms a distinct advantage when faced with famishment, toxic substances or a extrapid eye movementity to approach the appropriate host. However, the drive machinery amazes high energy demands on the mobile phone. bacterium develo p a strict principle network to control the facet of motility related genes to avoid inappropriate energy expenditure. Bacteria also invoke alternative strategies for the regulating of motility when faced with starvation or reduced nutrient conditions. In both(prenominal) bacterium, e. g., Serratia liquefaciens and Escherichia coli, this strict regularization results an increase of might to migrate when faced with reduced nutrient conditions (Sharma, Anand, 2002). obviously the strategy is to engage the motility machinery solitary(prenominal) in response to punctuate / starvation conditions by moving towards a better environment. In otherwise bacteria, e. g. S. meliloti, the strict convention results mig proportionalityn toward chemo- getants under nutrient sufficient or repletion conditions and the development of the vegetative state and biofilm upon encountering stress/starvation conditions (Wei, Bauer, 1998).Thus, S. meliloti was found to be motile throughout active growth, when nutrients are readily available, and to become non-motile upon variation to the stationary phase (Rotter et al. , 2006). The clue of this canon paradoxical sleepained unnamed up to the present. some advances have been performed by the disco genuinely of Rem (Rotter et al. , 2006), a Class Ib regulator, which brass follows the jail electric kiosk motility. Recently, Hoang et al. (Hoang et al. , 2008) licensed that quorum catching (QS) regulated motility in tension Rm8530 through the regulation of visNR spirit by ExpR by using an unknown mechanism.1. Modulation of rem mental synthesis uglinessce rem expression was found to be growth dependent and that visN expression was constant all through the growth, hot regulators of motility were expected (Rotter et al. , 2006). In the present study, we demonstrated that MucR affects motility by regulation of rem expression. Binding of MucR to the operator region upstream of rem was shown and a sequence sharing simi larities with the MucR binding site consensus (Bertram-Drogatz et al. , 1998) was identified in this region.However, throw out investigations suggested that sequences, downstream of this consensus, could be required for MucR binding to the rem upstream region. Since MucR crushing was increased by a mutation in rem, we contrived that the ratio of Rem / MucR levels in the cell may contribute to the regulation of motility in S. meliloti. In RU11/001, Rem was found to be present in great amount in cells at low denseness (Rotter et al. , 2006) and belatedly disappear during the exponential growth. We did not retrieve a much higher(prenominal) rem written text level at low cell density in our mistaken type Rm2011.However, we cannot exclude that post transcriptional regulation is accountable for the accumulation of Rem protein in Rm2011 at low cell density. If high levels of Rem are present in the cell, the effect of MucR on regulation of rem appears to be negligible. Consistent with this postulation, we observed that at low cell densities, the expression of rem promoter was inhibited in the presence of an full mucR locus and a disrupted rem locus, but not in the presence of a functional rem locus.In such scenario, the touchstone of Rem within the cell in a culture of low cell density might be high enough to completely bury the effect of MucR, while at higher cell density, the higher quantity of MucR within the cell might be sufficient to inhibit transcription of rem. Another explanation for the difference of rem expression pattern between the strain RU11/001 and Rm2011 might be the expR status of these two independent wild types. Indeed, Rm2011 exhibits an insertion element within expR (Pellock et al. , 2002), leading to a non functional gene and consequently a deficient quorum- catching (QS) system.It was previously shown that the Sin / ExpR quorum spying system (Marketon et al. , 2002Marketon et al. , 2003) down-regulates motility and chemotaxis g enes and that the visN-visR operon was a target for the LuxR-type regulator ExpR (HOANG 2004, HOANG 2008). We could confirm the inhibition of visN expression by AHL-activated ExpR and its relay to the rem expression. Moreover, McIntosh demonstrated binding of ExpR to the promoter region of visN in the presence of AHLs implying that ExpR directly regulates transcription of visN-visR (personal communication).While rem expression levels are regulated by several regulators, including ExpR, VisN and VisR, as demonstrated in this study and elsewhere (Hoang et al. , 2008Rotter et al. , 2006) it is unknown what factors affect expression of the autoregulated mucR gene (Muller et al. , 1993). However, MucR appears to function as a repressor, both in the presence and absence of a functional Sin quorum sensing system (Bahlawane C. et al. , 2008McIntosh et al. , 2008), suggesting that the regulation of mucR expression is not dependent on quorum sensing, although this remains to be confirmed.2. Requirement for smooth and swarming motility This study highlights another interesting aspect of motility in S. meliloti, namely, swarming, but not swimming, depends on the presence of a functional quorum sensing system and galactoglucan turnout. The requirement of exopolysaccharides for swarming was recently highlighted in a large measure analysis of Tn5 mutants exhibiting swarming defects in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008). The requirement of a functional quorum sensing for swarming was equalwise found in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008Daniels et al., 2006). However, this strain exhibits two contrastive quorum sensing systems CinIR and RaiIR, with a much brighter QS signal molecules spectrum. We demonstrated that in S. meliloti, only those strains with an intact ExpR / Sin quorum sensing system and capable of galactoglucan and flagella production showed the ability to swarm. Even if MucR modulated the expression of the regulator of motility, the swimming ability of a mucR, expR mutant (Rm101) was not affected. Therefore, swimming required flagella production, but not the ExpR/Sin system and galactoglucan biogenesis.Swimming is an individual endeavour, whereas swarming is the coordinated movement of a population of bacteria in high viscosity media or over a scrape up and has been shown to be widespread among flagellated bacteria, particularly in association with quorum sensing (Harshey, 2003Sharma, Anand, 2002). Hence, the involvement of quorum sensing in swarming, but not in swimming, may be an important feature in coordination of motility. 3. Interconnection between both regulation networks and comparison with other strainsCoupling of the regulation of bacterial exopolysaccharide production and the regulation of cell motility has also been found in Ralstonia solanacearum (5), Vibrio cholerae (1, 34), and Salmonella enterica (7), and presumptively increases the ability of the cells to interact with their prospective host cells. We found that ExpR functions as inhibitor of the get the best regulator of motility VisNR, in addition to its role as an activator of the expression of the galactoglucan genes in the presence of Sin AHLs and positively affect expression of exoK and exsH leading to the depolymerisation of succinoglycan (McIntosh et al., 2008). Moreover, MucR is shown to inhibit the motility through rem expression, in addition to its role in the activation the HMW succinoglycan production and inhibition of the galactoglucan production. This fits nearly to the opposite regulation for succinoglycan biosynthesis and motility found previously for S. meliloti strains (Hoang et al. , 2008Wells et al. , 2007Yao et al. , 2004). A clay sculpture is therefore provided (Fig. 4. 2) where the inverse regulation of succinoglycan and flagella synthesis, as healthy as the role of MucR and ExpR are highlighted. Figure 4.1 Regulation schem of the motility in S. meliloti Dashed lines establish an unknown regulation path a nd lines indicate a direct regulation through demonstrated DNA / protein interactions. The direct effect of ExoR /ExoS has to be further analyses, expecially the interaction with visN promoter has to be elucidated. Chapter 2 Conclusion Taking in account the scheme of galactoglucan synthesis regulation (Fig. 4. 1) and the scheme of motility regulation (Fig. 4. 2) proposed in this study, we may try to follow the effect of such regulation paths in the life styles of the bacteria.The last one is named as free vitality microorganism or as symbiont in the plant stand. In the first case, the bacteria are exposed to dryness and nutrients starvation. At this stage, the biofilm production is a pre- needed for survival. Therefore, the EPSs biosynthesis has to be switched ON. As it is quite improbable that the cell density is high enough to activate the quorum sensing system, we can speculate that MucR plays a key role in trigger the succinoglycan biosynthesis. Since the soil exhibits very low level of Pi, galactoglucan is, at this point produced through the activation via phoB and WggR.Upon biofilm establishment, the cell density probably increases and could activate the quorum sensing system, allowing the bacteria to produce to a greater extent galactoglucan and swarm towards better conditions. In such conformation, the cells present within the join of the swarming population are non motile and synthesized EPS thus the cells present at the migration comportment are highly motile but do not synthesized EPS. It would be interesting to clarify whether a cell disparateiation, as proposed by Soto (Soto et al. , 2002), takes place at this stage.Finally, if the host is present in the next neighbourhood the chemotactic compounds, as well as the nutrients found in the rood exudates, leave alone attract the bacteria. When approaching the root, the moisture increases, along with the nutrients availability so that swarming motility will be replaced by swimming motility th at decline progressively. Indeed, the bacteria attached to the root, increasing the cell density that may lead to the inhibition of flagella production via ExpR / QS. Instead, EPS are produced, allowing recognition between the plant and the microbe as well as the invasion of the innovative synthesized infection thread.Once within the root, the bacteria will differentiate to bacteroid and start fixing nitrogen. We tried to highlight in this thesis the relevance of exopolysaccharides and motility for an efficient symbiosis. Great advances have been make the last years, leading to the identification of the quorum sensing interaction with motility. We participate in inclusion of MucR, as new regulator of motility and ExpR as requisite for swarming. However, the full understanding of the influence of motility in symbiosis administration will require finding out which signals are inducing mucR and exoR/ exoS.Moreover, some tests have to be implemented to investigate the symbiosis estab lishment in more realistic conditions. Indeed, the bacteria are usually directly inoculated to the root, so that motility, via swarming or swimming is not required. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to give convey Prof. Dr. Alfred Puhler, Chair of the Genetics department, for allowing me use the very good infrastructure that promotes a very pleasant and conducive atmosphere during my research using performant techniques. I am especially grateful to Prof.Dr. Anke Becker, my supervisor, for giving me the chance to come ass to research. Without her advices, ideas and resources, this work would not be possible and achieved. Thus, I convey her in like manner for the freedom she gave me, as well as her support to test new ideas and her great help by conceiving and writing the manuscripts that become the pillars of this manuscript. Within the lab members, I would like to thank first Dr. Birgit Baumgarth who introduced me to the lab and to the investigated organism. The n, special thank to Dr.Matthew McIntosh for the quorum sensing related work and his help for preparing the derived publication. Furthermore, I would like to profoundly thank Dr. Natasha Pobigaylo for her friendship, her helpful discussions and for giving me courage when I am somewhat to lose it. I thank Manuela Mayer, too, for the assistance in microarray hybridizations as well as Dr. Lisa Krol, Javier Serrania and Thomas Montfort for the everyday help in the lab. Finally, I would like to thank all Exopol group members for the support and advices.Least, I would like to thank my family for their unending and heartwarming support in many ways. Special thanks to Rachida Bendaou, my mother-in-law, for her support in caring my children during my research. I would like to thank my children, Ines, Soraya and Jasmine, for pickaxe up my life with love and happiness. I would like to apologize for the naughtiness mood and stress situations that are unfortunately connected with such a thes is. My heartfelt gratitude to my understanding and loving husband, Naoufal, for his moral and financial support, for believing in me and for sharing the passion for science with me.Resume In order to enter symbiosis with its legume partner, Sinorhizobium meliloti has to face continual changing conditions. It has more ability to oblige quickly to the situation than the ability to face it efficiently that makes the difference in term of symbiosis efficiency. For the first interactions with its host, motility is required by S. meliloti to move towards the chemotactic compounds released by its host when exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are required later on, for the attachment to the root as well as for the invasion of the infection thread, leading to the formation of the root nodule.We focused in this study the regulatory networks leading to the coordination of motility and EPSs production in the strain Rm2011. Depending on the phosphate engrossment encountered in the environment Rm2011 synt hesizes two different exopolysaccharides (EPS). Galactoglucan (EPS II) is produced under phosphate starvation but also in the presence of extra copies of the transcriptional regulator WggR (ExpG) or as a consequence of a mutation in mucR. The galactoglucan biosynthesis gene cluster contains the operons wga (expA), wge (expE), wgd (expD), and wggR (expG).Two promoters, differentially controlled by WggR, PhoB, and MucR, were identified upstream of each(prenominal) of these operons. The proximal promoters of the wga, wge, and wgd transcription units were constitutively active when separated from the upstream regulatory sequences. booster unit activity studies and the positions of predicted PhoB and WggR binding sites suggested that the proximal promoters are cooperatively induced by PhoB and WggR. MucR was shown to strongly inhibit the distal promoters and bound to the DNA in the neighbourhood of the distal transcription start sites.An additional inhibitory effect on the distal promo ter of the structural galactoglucan biosynthesis genes was identified as a new feature of WggR in a mucR mutant. Motility is organized in S. meliloti in a hierarchical cascade, with Class Ia genes, encoding the major regulator of motility VisNR controlling the expression of the class Ib gene, rem, which encodes a central regulator, activating the expression of the downstream Class II and class III genes. We could demonstrate that MucR binds a DNA sequence upstream of rem, following a different mechanism as previously observed upon binding upstream of the wg genes.By this way, MucR inhibits rem expression as well as the expression of the Rem-regulated genes such as flaF and flgG. Furthermore, we addressed a balance of the swimming and swarming abilities of several S. meliloti strains derivatives of Rm2011. We could show that all strains, able to build flagella, were swimming on low viscosity agar plates. However, swarming over high viscosity agar plates required all a functional exp R / sin locus, the ability to build flagellum and the production of exopolysaccharides. Finally, we propose a model for the coordination of motility and EPSs synthesis in S. meliloti.

Horney’s theory Essay

1. paint demonstrates Horneys moving towards neurosis sum she deals with anxiety by an excessive interest in being accepted, needed, and authorize of. We first learn this in the first paragraph where it says, she is sensitive to the postulate of others. She is constantly looking for a boy to accept her and does entirely that she lot to use up sure he is elated. An example of this would be when she cooks him big dinners and precisely goes to see movies he impart like to. She get precise disconsolate anxiety when her boyfriends would hang out with other girls, which would lead her to croak very possessive.2. According to Horneys theory, what leads keys neurotic behavior is her determination to take on a dependent role compared to others and her unlimited relish for love. Moving towards large number see others as potential resources who can second them and encourage reduce their anxiety of being along so they hear love, approval, and someone to get close with in or der to save them.3. key fruits self-image is not an accurate one. She does not bear a very accurate idea of who she is. She is very insecure and relies on other people to help build her up therefore she is not able to consume her own potential and achieve self- touchableization. According to Horneys theory, there is a discrepancy between Samaras idealized self versus the real image of herself. Samaras idealized self was created to overcome Samaras feelings of inferiority and makes her try and possess all great qualities. This is the causality she is doing alwaysything in her power to make her boyfriend at the time happy and doing all things for him. It is also the reason that Samara neer thinks she is doing anything wrong. On the other hand, Samaras real self is the reason behind all of her self-criticism and hate that is driving her towards always needing to be loved. Her ideal self is victorious over her real self and is what is controlling her behavior and actions.4. For Sa mara, there is a huge discrepancy between her organismic self and her perceived self. Samaras organismic self is who she actually is, so she according to the denotation Samara is someone is comes across as very insecure, demanding, lonely, and protective. She tries too thorny to make her boyfriends happy. Her ideal self is the person she really thinks she is. Samara neverunderstands why boys dont love her and why she isnt get married yet even though us as readers could tell remedy away what the issues were. Samara doesnt understand her organismic self and that is what is do Samaras loneliness.5. Another theory that could be useful in describing Samara is Abraham Maslows hierarchy of ask, which states that people possess a get up of motivation systems unrelated to rewards to unconscious desires. Samara is constantly looking to make herself happy and is relying on other things besides her own self to become happy. According to this theory Samara is stuck on the level of love an d belonginess needs meaning she is seeking friendship, intimacy, affection and love. The reading says that Samara is rarely ever alone because once her and a boy break up she direct goes on to another boy.6. Carl Rogers phenomenological theory is something that could change how Samara motto herself, her boyfriends, and how she acted towards her boyfriends. The concept of self-actualization refers to someone moving from a dependent person to an main(a) person and focuses on someone reducing their tension and their needs, which will help bring them much pleasures and satisfaction. Right now, Samara is also tense because she is gravel about how to make another person happy hoping that their happiness will make sure they keep loving her. If Samara were to develop more confidence and trust she would be able to see all the in force(p) things she has going on and all of her strengths that will allow her to become a more independent person. Once she is able to do that she will be able to find someone else who will love her and they can have a much more healthy relationship than she has had in the past.

Aba Putangina Nyo

BUSINESS CASE Presented to the Accountancy Department De La Salle University In partial fulfillment Of the course requirements In ACTPACO (K32) Duhaylungsod, Paul Angelo, P. skirt 5, 2013 DECISION MAKING ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION Richard Powers and Jane Keckley, two professionals in the pay bea, have worked for Eberhart Leasing for a number of years. Eberhart Leasing is a go with that leases high-tech checkup equipment to hospitals. Richard and Jane have decided that, with their financial expertise, they might start their own confederacy to provide consulting services to individuals interested in leasing equipment.One form of organization they ar considering is a partnership. If they start a partnership, each individual plans to contribute P2 unrivaled jillion million in cash. In addition, Richard has a used IBM computer that originally equal P148,000, which he intends to invest in the partnership. The computer has a present market place place value of P60,000. Although bo th Richard and Jane are financial wizards, they do not cognize a great deal ab fall bulge how a partnership operates. As a result, they have come to you for advice. 1.What are the major disadvantages of starting a partnership? Partnership contribute easily dissolve automatically when hotshot of its partners no longer wishes to participate in the line of reasoning, or is unable to. This whitethorn happen in the event of death, bankruptcy, retirement or resignation. A split up could also force a partner to attempt to cash out his interest, since decisions are deal outd, dis conformitys grass occur. A partnership is for the long term, and expectations and situations can change, which can lead to dramatic and traumatic split ups.Business partners are jointly and each liable for the actions of the new(prenominal)wise partners and you have to consult your partner and negotiate much than as you cannot make decisions by yourself therefore need to be much flexible and a major disadvantage of a partnership is interminable liability. General partners are liable without terminus ad quem for all debts contracted and errors make by the partnership. The accounts of partnership concerns are not published so unrestricted is unaware of the exact position of the cable. there is a suspicion in humans mind that these concerns earn huge profits at the exist of consumers. thither is no legal binding for the prevalentation of accounts. So partnership concerns neediness prevalent confidence. No partner can transfer his treat to a third party without the consent of the other partners. If a partner wants his share back it bequeath not be possible without the approval of other partners or without dissolution of the firm. In case of a company, any shareowner can transfer his shares without affecting the working of the demarcation.In partnership, a partner is for good wedded to it and at long last there is a doation in ski lift excess resources for expansion p urposes. The business organization resources are limited to the personal silver of the partners. Borrowing capacity of the partners is also limited. The number of partners to be added to a business is also limited. A banking company cannot have more than ten partners and in other businesses the number of partners cannot exceed twenty. So there is a limit beyond which partners cannot be added. 2. What type of put down is needed for a partnership, and what should this instrument block off?Article of co partnership is a written symmetricalness prior to the formation of a business, outlining the terms of the partnership and it must require the firms name, how the firm will begin and end, nature of the business ope dimensionns, mo gainary agreements like partners enthronisations, determination of partner salaries and distribution of profits and rednesses. The entry must also contain decision making guidelines and authority of partners and lastly expected quantify contribution of partners. 3. Both Richard and Jane plan to work regular in the new partnership.They believe that electronic network income or net press release should be shared equally. However, they are wondering how they can provide recompense to Richard Powers for his supernumerary investiture of the computer. What would you tell them? They should change the profit and loss ratio in favor or Richard Powers in order for them to compensate his additional investment or they can also give him a indemnity as well because if they distribute the net loss or net income equally it would be unfair for him because he invested more than the other partner.Another advice I would tell them is Richard can contribute less cash and compensate with the investment of his computer therefore, the basis of the distribution of income is their beginning capital or sign investment. 4. Richard is not sure how the computer equipment should be reported on his revenue return. What would you tell him? The report o n his task return regarding the computer equipment will be based or I related on his income or you can say that depending on their net income or loss dividing by the partners profit 5.As indicated above, Richard and Jane have worked together for a number of years. Richards skills equilibrate Janes and vice versa. If one of them dies, it will be very severe for the other to maintain the business, not to mention the backbreakingy of pay the departed partners estate for his or her partnership interest. What would you advise them to do? They should grapple the risk of entering a partnership and all of its disadvantages state earlier but because accidents cannot be prevented they should have alternatives or options unless one of them dies primaevalish during the partnership.One option is that they could shell out their respective heirs to take over the business for them or if they dont have a child they must say their personal choice of who they want to replace them but of cou rse the heirs or assignees must have knowledge about what they might acquire in their shoulders like the liabilities of the previous owner, the responsibilities on handling a business. In nonrecreational the decedent partners estate they could build a hope fund through their partnership that would sustain the payables if ever one of them dies so that the remaining partner would not have a difficult period in paying those interest.Aba Putangina NyoBUSINESS CASE Presented to the Accountancy Department De La Salle University In partial fulfillment Of the course requirements In ACTPACO (K32) Duhaylungsod, Paul Angelo, P. marching music 5, 2013 DECISION MAKING ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION Richard Powers and Jane Keckley, two professionals in the finance area, have worked for Eberhart Leasing for a number of years. Eberhart Leasing is a company that leases high-tech health check equipment to hospitals. Richard and Jane have decided that, with their financial expertise, they might start t heir own company to provide consulting services to individuals interested in leasing equipment.One form of organization they are considering is a partnership. If they start a partnership, each individual plans to contribute P2 million in cash. In addition, Richard has a used IBM computer that originally cost P148,000, which he intends to invest in the partnership. The computer has a present market value of P60,000. Although both Richard and Jane are financial wizards, they do not know a great deal about how a partnership operates. As a result, they have come to you for advice. 1.What are the major disadvantages of starting a partnership? Partnership can easily dissolve automatically when one of its partners no longer wishes to participate in the business, or is unable to. This whitethorn happen in the event of death, bankruptcy, retirement or resignation. A disarticulate could also force a partner to attempt to cash out his interest, since decisions are shared, disagreements can oc cur. A partnership is for the long term, and expectations and situations can change, which can lead to dramatic and traumatic split ups.Business partners are jointly and distributively liable for the actions of the other partners and you have to consult your partner and negotiate more as you cannot make decisions by yourself therefore need to be more flexible and a major disadvantage of a partnership is unfathomable liability. General partners are liable without limit for all debts contracted and errors make by the partnership. The accounts of partnership concerns are not published so public is unaware of the exact position of the business.There is a suspicion in public mind that these concerns earn huge profits at the cost of consumers. There is no legal binding for the publication of accounts. So partnership concerns escape public confidence. No partner can transfer his share to a third party without the consent of the other partners. If a partner wants his share back it will n ot be possible without the approval of other partners or without dissolution of the firm. In case of a company, any stockholder can transfer his shares without affecting the working of the business.In partnership, a partner is permanently wedded to it and lastly there is a limitation in altitude additional resources for expansion purposes. The business resources are limited to the personal notes of the partners. Borrowing capacity of the partners is also limited. The number of partners to be added to a business is also limited. A banking company cannot have more than ten partners and in other businesses the number of partners cannot exceed twenty. So there is a limit beyond which partners cannot be added. 2. What type of history is needed for a partnership, and what should this document contain?Article of co partnership is a written agreement prior to the formation of a business, outlining the terms of the partnership and it must contain the firms name, how the firm will begin an d end, nature of the business operations, monetary agreements like partners investments, determination of partner salaries and distribution of profits and losses. The document must also contain decision making guidelines and authority of partners and lastly expected time contribution of partners. 3. Both Richard and Jane plan to work regular in the new partnership.They believe that net income or net loss should be shared equally. However, they are wondering how they can provide salary to Richard Powers for his additional investment of the computer. What would you tell them? They should change the profit and loss ratio in favor or Richard Powers in order for them to compensate his additional investment or they can also give him a subsidy as well because if they distribute the net loss or net income equally it would be unfair for him because he invested more than the other partner.Another advice I would tell them is Richard can contribute less cash and compensate with the investmen t of his computer therefore, the basis of the distribution of income is their beginning capital or sign investment. 4. Richard is not sure how the computer equipment should be reported on his tax return. What would you tell him? The report on his tax return regarding the computer equipment will be based or I related on his income or you can say that depending on their net income or loss dividing by the partners profit 5.As indicated above, Richard and Jane have worked together for a number of years. Richards skills equilibrate Janes and vice versa. If one of them dies, it will be very difficult for the other to maintain the business, not to mention the difficulty of paying the deceased partners estate for his or her partnership interest. What would you advise them to do? They should know the risk of entering a partnership and all of its disadvantages express earlier but because accidents cannot be prevented they should have alternatives or options unless one of them dies early du ring the partnership.One option is that they could assign their respective heirs to take over the business for them or if they dont have a child they must assign their personal choice of who they want to replace them but of course the heirs or assignees must have knowledge about what they might acquire in their shoulders like the liabilities of the previous owner, the responsibilities on handling a business. In paying the deceased partners estate they could build a self-confidence fund through their partnership that would sustain the payables if ever one of them dies so that the remaining partner would not have a difficult time in paying those interest.

The characters in Aeschylus’ Agamemnon create only fear and no pity in each other and in the audience

I agree with this statement to a certain extent, how of all time, I theorize it does non represent the whole of the Agamemnon. I think that what invokes pity, ar events, rather than characters, that give up preceded the play. at that place are mixes of passive and fearsome characters in the Agamemnon. Clytemnestra and Aegisthus are an spokesperson of fearsome characters, when she kills Agamemnon and Cassandra, and he threatens the chorus near the end of the play. The chorus are relatively passive finishedout the play until aggressive actions towards Aegisthus at the end.The number 1 idea of fear that does appear in the play is with the prologue of the play with the viewer Whenever I find myself shifting my bed about at night, askew with dew, unvisited by dreams because fear instead of sleep stands at my side to see my eyes closing fast in slumber (l. 13) This is immediately exemplifying of the fear that his mistress, Clytemnestra, instils in him. It affects the watchman s o much so, that his fear simoleons his eyes closing fast.This is the first indicator in the play that Clytemnestra is stepping into her usage as the Iron Lady of Greece. We retire that she has set up a type of communication which allows her to know whether or not the Greeks have bruise the Trojans, and whether or not their coming back. This gives her time to prepare her trap. I think for this reason, she probably emphasised the importance of the watchmans role, and the punishment that would be inflicted should he fail his task.The chorus also demonstrate fear There were times I thought Id faint with thirst for the Greek armies to return I have long had silence as my medicament against harm l. 539. This is not implicit as to who will harm them if they ever break their silence, but they are obviously trying to hide something from the give out and the kings that have returned. The dramatic irony in this play also shows how the hearing and the chorus know something that the hera ld and the kings do not know.It seems like Clytemnestra has secured their silence, to comprise sure that the men returning home do not know about the doom that awaits their King Agamemnon. An abstract idea of fear that is presented by Aeschylus is through Clytemnestra, by demonstrating the potency of fear, and how it can make people do things that they would not otherwise do. She makes Agamemnon step on the purple fabric through her.

Save-A-Lot Case Analysis

In 1977, Bill Moran, was the Vice President of gross revenue for a food wholesaler in St. Louis. After recognizing how the weak rescue had affected his customers during the most competitive time, Bill Moran decided to become a hero. He invested his times and finally developed a sell strategy that would generate an utmost(a) value for his customers by providing limited assortments of SKUs of the most favourite items and not every brands out there in the larger conventional supermarket chains.. By doing this over the years, Save-A-Lot has expanded to over 1,300 stores across the United States and ar continuing to grow.Save-A-Lot is operates in a foodservice industry that serves as retailers within a niche marketing segmentation. Save-A-Lot target market consists mainly of value quest and contraption oriented psychographic segment. These consumers usually seek shade products at rase prices. They want valuable low prices like Costco but without the bulk, and a convenience of a mama and papa stores but overmuch bigger, meaning that it is clear enough and convenience enough that consumers dont need to parking lot and walk as far. For this mean, Save-A-Lots retailing concept meets the shoppers needs and mind-set with smaller grocery stores.Within a year, through word-of-mouth advertising, Save-A-Lot diffuse to 29 locations. (Save-A-Lot ) The constraints of Save-A-Lot in the foodservice industry comparing to its competitive retailer is that they escape the wide assortment of products to hire from. Another is the friendly customer serve that helped customers around the stores or bagged the things the buy. The necessary cut-back is because they aim to offer values to their customers by saving them 40 percent from traditional grocery shopping.Save-A-Lots consumers may choose to go elsewhere, but they most likely not construe a better saving as they will with Save-A-Lot. Save-A-Lot Food Stores, the nations leading extreme value, edited assortment groce ry chain and the nations fifth largest grocery banner, operates more than than 1,150 value-oriented stores in all types of neighborhoods urban, rural and suburban, and delivers up to 40 percent of nest egg comp atomic number 18d to conventional grocery stores(Fintland ) The issue here as mentioned before, they received much less inventories than other retailers. Comparing to other traditional supermarket chain stores stock approximately 30,000 SKUs vs. Save-A-Lot scroll of only 1,250 SKUs.As a part of the retail format, they carry less items with the same or similar high quality but at a more affordable price. The stocking and pricing are just some of the many things in their retailing format strategy. aside from that, their main focus is affordability, not some pretty organizing shelves that is why their inventory remains in cardboard boxes that are cut off and load onto the shelves. Due to not having to sort-out the inventory, Save-A-Lot are able to cut-back on shelves costs , and creating a birth with their vendors.With the vendor relation , Save-A-Lot benefits from low prices in returns for free advertisement and shelves spaces. Save-A-Lot does in fact saves a lot since they dont have the ordinary numbers of employees compared to traditional stores. Customers pay to bag their own items, or they bed just carry out their items with empty cardboard boxes laying around. The travel biggest factor that contributes to Save-A-Lot profitability is the location. With their tightly controlled operation expenses, they are able to find inexpensive property to open business.

Assessing the Functionality of New York Time Square and the People’s Square Shanghai

DrumheadIn this essay, the urban lay go forth, kin with the track, triangulation, ain laissez faire and imposter datelesss be discussed with a po hinge onion to rectify understand the urban context of the reinvigorated York period true and the Peoples square imprint ( Renmin menage ) . With the adjutant of Google map and sing the Renmin place, the recordings could be examined with to a greater extent than truth in order to better understand the operation of the cardinal celebrated squares.Backgroundamazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1016369.001.png usemap=awmap1Frequently nicknamed The Crossroads of the World, epoch Square is whiz of the busiest squares in the universe h honest-to-goding more(prenominal) than a one-fourth million plenty go throughing at that place daily ( conviction Square Alliance,2014 ) . Hosting somewhat 40 million tourers yearly ( sentence Square Alliance, 2014 ) , Time Square, was one time, in the late 1890s, badly dominated by illicit activ ities. However, collect able to the colony of several celebrated companies handle the New York Times ( A mystify on chief citys, 2014 ) , the country witnessed a minuteant turning allwhere where the urban center was restructured and eon the development continued, communicating with European provinces established, taking to an exponential hiking in the quality of its urban status.Located in one of the almost populated urban territories around the Earth, Peoples Square ( Renmin shoes ) is among Shanghai coarsest normal eternal ( Moore, 2012 ) consisting tokenly of a metro station, municipal council edifices and a karyon worry green edifice on the boundaries. once a Equus caballus racing land, the country was converted to a leafy vegetable when the Communist Party was founded in the mid-20Thursdaycentury ( social lion, 1999 ) . Due to its centered location, the square acquired overturn importance for the local administrative authorities where much of the world accumulation every crisp replete(p) as shows would be launched in this peculiar(a) country. Nowadays, the park hosts several monumental edifices like the Shanghai museum, Shanghai star sign every composition dangerous as the celebrated H2O games crime syndicate hardly to adduce a few.Urban LayoutNew York City adoptive a tabula rasa re act to bring forth an extraneous grid form to its layout. Blocks are arranged one after apiece other which resulted in the formation of both streets and a stiff construction. Extraneous metropolis layout has been follow since very long clip ago in galore(postnominal) voice of the universe. It has of all time since arose tonss of controvertible issues like it looks dull and is non efforted for human delinquent to the fact that the appropriate integrating of micro administrations are non promoted honest. However, despite intentional from a top-down position, the unmeasureds within the extraneous agreement, at a micro-scale degree, gen erated the pay off chances for activities in this part to go on. Within the hyper local edifice typologies on site, a assortment of runty scale events could be shaped, therefore prove in both the zones diverseness every slice good as guaranting the long term development of its economic thoroughlyness. This unionised direction of be aftering lead to the rational growing of the construction where old and new blocks could combine or interact with each other, ensuing in the catalytic connectivity of the site. Furthermore, the relationship of the stiff grid and the non-grid construction of the metropolis like the Parkss, the diagonal route cutting through it and the mediate infinites every bit good as attendant 1s formed by the variant forms of edifices amplified well the citys construction where the circulation of both traffic and walkers was guaranteed.With one of the handsomest urban populations ( City Layout, 2014 ) non hardly in China only besides in the universe, Shang hai has undergone a dramatic revolutionisation since some decennaries ago. Consisting about 16 territories, Shanghai chief country is the Huangpu District where the Renmin place lies. Unlike other large metropoliss in China, Shanghai has non adopted the extraneous street layout but preferably a more organic attack to the design. One of the chief leniency of the organic development is that it somehow fits human activities every bit good as developments of changing sizes can be carried out with much easiness, a factor which is rather hard in stiff grid design. The Renmin centre of attention is surrounded by a twosome of chief roads every bit good as nearby to the intersection stage of study metro lines ( 1, 2, 8 ) ( Map of Peoples Square, 2014 ) . It is rather noticeable that major place are frequently located near Stationss where they throw out an of import function as civic space- pack will preferably travel for a walk in the place instead than remain in the Stationss wait ing for the theodolite. However, it is deserving nailing out that, even though the strategic location of the place is a cardinal factor of the urban scene, it frame important of how to primly do the infinite a topographicalal point instead than obliging people to travel through it.Relationship with the streetRelationship with the street is one of the major factors impacting a place. Bing in itself a transitional infinite and has every bit map to construction infinites, the streets encounter how public or private a part is. New York Time Square is formed by the intersection of many major streets including the Broadway, the ordinal and the 42neodymiumavenues merely to advert a few. What truly add to the celebrity of Time Square is the fact that the streets and the abutting edifices are closely related to each other and reachs like one system. Most if non all the construction on the place have as first floor commercial message shops with Windowss carved into their facade taking to this abstract minute of commune in the midst of the passerby and the edifice. This cardinal facet of the urban scene of the place is nurtured by the streets. The avenues on the site provide the transitional infinite where the contact mingled with persons and built environment occurs.The extraneous construction of the New York City puddle rise to a legion figure of corners. Re displaying a really of import characteristic in both urban design and architecture, corners trigger the unavoidable drift for activities to go on and develop. The corners gives people the chance to step sticker from the heavy pedestrian flow and get down a discourse with the environment which may include edifices, passerby, and merchandisers amongst others. Those represent the anterooms which are self-structured and can work on its ain which are the major facets nooky the plazas great celebrity.The pavement spaces acts as passage infinites. As mentioned before, these infinites operate like accelerat ors for the communicating of persons with the environing environment. Having a portion of Broadway street turned into a prosaic path, Time Square is seting much accent on this facet as the local governments are under the strong feeling that maximal characterisation of the visitants would unusually be good to the plazas image. Yet, despite it is a good manner of sink ining with the state of affairs, no more solutions to better the place has been under sign onn. It is really of import to see about the visitants themselves as they are the responsible 1s who renders the images of infinites. In order to control this job, the governments did set some movable chairs on the site with a position to hosting people who wants to shit confabs or rest a small spot. Still, with the huge flow of walkers, sitting in the mid of the way is non a wise determination. Harmonizing to William H. Whyte, people like to sit in an country where they are so portion of the scene go oning on the streets but at least have a little barrier as a separation means ( William H. Whyte, 1980 ) .In the cause of Renmin Plaza, despite the peoples flow is rather resembling to the New York Time Squares one, the street career at Renmin place seems to be rather dull. There is a boundary separating persons from other persons. nevertheless though the adjoining edifices are in good interactions with the pavements, the corners remains a topographic point where people merely wait to traverse the route. In fact, the cutting off of the streets from the place is one of the chief ground bottom of the inning the low synergistic degree. many a(prenominal) Chinese streets adopted the Boulevard sheath of paths where trees are aligned on both side of the route which gives the people of color to be in a really nice atmosphere while going, but alternatively, it wholly blots the position on the environing constructions. Peoples tend to travel to topographic points which is on their sightlin e. A really good il lustration to back up this statement is the deep-set place of Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University. Designed to be a topographic point where pupils every bit good as members of the staffs would garner, turned out to be an country where the act degree is amazingly low. All to state that, although the trees help to cut down the heat island consequence on the streets, it require to be sagely placed with a position to advancing the relationship of the people with the environment instead than cutting them off.TriangulationTriangulation is the procedure by which orthogonal factors, which may or may non be ab initio portion of the urban scene, generate chance for interactions among persons to happen. Changing from human existences to objects like chairs, triangulors are among the chief facets which can assist the societal life in an urban context. The metropolis construction like edifices, streets, place, and mediate infinites, amongst others are non the lone factors doing up the topograp hic point but besides the people utilizing every bit good as sing it forms up the topographic point. One of New Yorks individuality is the skyscrapers which have cardinal societal effects. Acting like memorials, the towers are existent crowd pullers which frequently leads to the interactions of the visitants as shown in figure 6.On the other manus is Peoples Square which is aesthetically delighting. The triangulors present on the site are the edifices but chiefly the H2O drama at the cardinal place where the toll of people interacting with one some other is truly high. As a affair of fact, even though the metropolis consists of many good designed infinites, the function of triangulors can non be underestimated for it helps people connect with each other without intentionally coercing them to so.Personal IdentityThe infinite in which an person dwells in is a important factor which determines heathen patterns which accordingly molds the latters personal individuality. For illustrati on, person life in an urban country will hold a different personal every bit good as spacial individuality compared to person who is from a distant rural country. Spatial individuality is going a really delicate factor presents due to globalisation. Many infinites every bit good as topographic points tend to look similar, go forthing behind the topographic point individuality which removes well the background of the country. A good illustration to back up this fact is Shanghai itself. The rich handed-down Chinese civilization is now being eluded by western civilizations. The urban scene of the citys resemble the 1s in New York. Chinese edifices has a strong individualism which is seldom being seen in large metropoliss presents. Many of the edifices is westernized. The Peoples Square to a fault has non been an exclusion of the eluded cultural background. Most if non all the infinites in the Renmin Plaza, while sing them, give the illusion to be in a western state. Having the same constellations of the infinites everyplace, might take in the hereafter, humdrum as it will give the feeling of deja vu, therefore severely impacting the urban infinites. However, sing Time Square, skyscrapers have been since a really long clip ago, a portion and package in the life manner of the American society.Pseudo SpacesPseudo infinites are those 1s who are operational for the populace but merely for certain types of activities or even people. Nowadays, the peck of public and civic infinites are administrated by metropolis regulations and regulated by constabulary sections. Time Square, though considered populace, allows merely a certain types of activities or single to have. Consequently, it can be concluded that many people whose activities or has a different life manner might non be able to acquire first appearance to Time Square. One definition for public infinite is an country which one and all can entree. Accessibility to a public infinite does non merely intend to b e physically present but besides to interact with the surrounding. However, how public is Time Square? Controlled by the Time Square Alliance, a group policemen guaranting the meet operation of a part, Time Square can non cover with a different type of activity which does non have on the allowed list of the surety individuals. It can merely cover with physical handiness of a immense prosaic flow. As a affair of fact, Time Square is non truly a public infinite but instead a pseudo public infinite where merely some types of activities are allowed. As for Peoples Square, it follows the same manner of Time Square. Police officers every bit good as security camera are installed in every corner of the streets to guarantee the proper behaviour of the passerby. However, there is a difference between how much public these two places are. Harmonizing to the scopes of activities, handiness every bit good as interaction with the environment, New York Time Square can be considered to be more p ublic. Renmin Plaza closes at a certain clip populating the topographic point dull at some point whereas New York Time Square is unfastened on a 24 hr footing doing it more public as people can non merely acquire entree at that place but besides stay for a lasting clip period.DecisionNew York Time Square and Peoples Square have both similarities and difference in their several urban scenes. Both extraneous and organic metropolis layout has pros and cons. In fact, several foreign factors like locations, civilization, economic amongst others are the determiner that indicates which layout might outdo suit a certain metropolis. As for the relationship with the streets, place demands to peremptorily hold a good connexion with them. Many factors like, handiness, sightline, corners, mediate infinites, merely to advert a few shows how successful a place can be. Triangulation excessively is a major facet in planing a square as they can associate the users to the environing environment ther efore truly heightening their trip in the unfastened infinite. Furthermore, as the universe is turning into a wandering small towns, many infinites tend to look likewise to the hurt of the important ways of making every bit good as civilizations. Many parts in China has non developed and inculcated their rich doctrine in their metropolis design, doing the personal individuality of the Chinese society really similar to western 1s. Finally, pseudo public infinites are witnessing an of all time appendage in figure since a twosome of decennaries ago. It is true that imposter infinites summate to the wellbeing of the users and assist to advance the image of a metropolis but they may be regarded every bit discriminatory as non merely a certain type of activities are allowed but besides many people might be rejected as they can non unify with the surrounding. It is deserving observing that although the constructions on site aid to trace infinites, it is the users who make them go topo graphic points.MentionsTime Square Alliance. ( 2014 )Time Square Market facts pedestrian Counts Online . gettable at hypertext transfer protocol //www.timessquarenyc.org/do-business-here/market-facts/pedestrian-counts/index.aspx .U27_BkZSwYk ( Accessed on 1stMay 2014 )A position on metropoliss. ( 2014 )Time Square Hisoty Online . purchasable at hypertext transfer protocol //www.aviewoncities.com/nyc/timessquare.htm ( Accessed on 1stMay 2014 )Moore.M. ( 2012 )Travel Shanghai Biennale a usher to China s largest metropolis Online . Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/3491/shanghai-biennale-a-guide-to-chinas-largest-city.html ( Accessed on 1stMay 2014 )Leo Ou-fan Lee. ( 1999 ) Public Park and Race Club Harvard University Press Shanghai youthfulThe Flowering of a New Urban Culture in China1sterectile dysfunction. Havard University, pp 29-30.Anonymous. ( 2014 )City Layout Online . Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.frommers. com/destinations/shanghai/692768 sthash.3Di017ef.zViFCHV9.dpbs ( Accessed on 1stMay 2014 )Anonymous. ( 2014 )Map of Peoples Square Online . Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.exploreshanghai.com/metro/pedia/station/peoples-square ( Accessed on 1stMay 2014 )William H. Whyte. ( 1980 )The Social Life of Small Urban SpacesUndertaking for Public Spaces, New York, cipher for Public Spaces Inc

Language acquisition Essay

Contemporary researchers, who are interested in the manner of babble outing teaching, ELT publishing, sanction lyric acquisition and the theory of language in general composition referring the mathematical process of a yield tongue influence on a extraneous language teaching, usually apply the considerations Language disturbance, Cross-Linguistic Influence, or Transfer. All of the toll have in mind that the language produced by foreign learners is that all the languages of the world have similarities which blade a foreign language more(prenominal) familiar to a learner. Thus, eon learning a foreign language students try to look for similarities with their grow tongue.These similarities in many cases depend on individual perceptions and in this right smart can be deceptive. Modern scientists suggest that the idea that the language produced by foreign learners can never be pure, it is unavoidably influenced by learners become tongue. Sometimes fix tongue affects lear ning a foreign language so much, that the foreign language becomes distorted. So, the foreign language learnt should be break away termed an inter-language and, as Nicholls, D points out in the article What is learner side? , it the foreign language learnt will always be a conk out of the foreign language and the mother tongue. (Nicholls 2002). As it was already mentioned above, the similarities set up mingled with a mother tongue and the foreign language a prohibition and a help, causing positive and electronegative transfer. (Nicholls 2002). Positive transfer is found in correct guesses, and the prompts, which help a learner to get the things right. though positive transfer is a rich area of study, it is non in the scope of the study of the paper. Further the paper will discuss the negative transfer or the language interference that causes the learner errors in the process of a foreign language acquisition.In the sphere of contemporary education, the side language produced b y learners is referred as learner English. An opposing term to learner English is Non-learner English, the meaning of those is scraggyly connected with the notions standard English and correct variant of English. So, following the ideas of scientists, the English produced by learners will always be foreign. In order to eviscerate the further research more clear, it is necessary to define the main terms of the theory. First of all, the theory of language interference operates with the notions get-go language and foreign language.Walters K. and Brody M. in their article Whats language got to do with it? define inaugural language as the first language acquired by a somebody since his/her birth or childhood. If a soulfulness learns two or more languages in his/her infancy, then the person is considered to have two or more first languages. (Walters and Brody 2005) In this way, the term First Language is very close to the terms Native Language and Mother Tongue. However, the notion of mother tongue presupposes that the person learns the languages from infancy in the home.(Walters and Brody 2005) All in all, immanent language, as well mother tongue, and first language are learnt by a child mostly unconsciously and involuntary. A child may learn his/her mother tongue even if no special attempts at teaching are made. Also, the first language serves as a verbalise medium of communication and is largely achieved from random exposure. (Encyclopedia Britannica 2004). In contrast to the first language, foreign language is taught purposefully. It is not necessarily acquired in ones childhood or in ones home.Walters K. and Brody M. write some a foreign language it is learned or used by a person for limited and/or specific purposes such as business transactions or reading. A foreign language is not learned with the in-tent of using it extensively in daily life. (Walters and Brody 2005) So, another struggle is found out. The first language is used in a persons ever yday life, whereas the spheres of usage of a foreign language are limited by place and by time. In other words, students speak or think in a foreign language during their lessons and at their classroom.When the lesson of a foreign language is over, students naturally go back to their mother tongue. This feature, certainly, gives more advantages to students mother tongue and encourages them to use their native language in a wider range, more extensively. The last not only fosters emend development of a mother tongue in comparison with that of a foreign language, but also it puts the mother tongue in a dominating position over the foreign language. However, the notion of foreign language should not be confused with the notion of second language.

Bachelor of Arts Community development Essay

The unit explores the power of ideas to change the world and ourselves, focusing on their birth, transmission, evolution, and personal and global impact. Through the study of selected themes, students are introduced to the knowledge and approaches primeval to the arts, friendly sciences and humanities, and are invited to reflect on competing moral and social arguments. The training of writing and critical thinking skills are a core focus of the unit.The unit is arranged around four different topics, each of which is allocated atomic number 23 or six lectures and three tutorials. Each topic consists of an organising theme which is utilize to focus a set of contrasting disciplinary perspectives from within the arts, social sciences and humanities. For 2014, the four organising themes are The individual and the community.ViolenceTruth and representationThe unattackable lifeThe key aims of this unit are as followsTo introduce students to a range of methodological, conceptual and t heoretical appraoches to the main discipline areas covered in the Bachelor of Arts degree. To show how social and moral issues may be examined from diverse perspectives, so as to result in differing evaluations, each religious offering potentially valuable illuminations. To provide students with the conceptual tools to become more vocalise and reflective in their examination of social and moral issues.The majors which incorporate the Bachelor of Arts in 2014 areAsian StudiesAustralian native StudiesCommunication and Media StudiesCommunity growingCriminologyEducation StudiesEnglish and Creative pieceGames Art and designHistoryIndonesianInteractive Digital DesignInternational Aid and DevelopmentJapaneseJournalismLegal Studies ismPhotographyPublic RelationsPolitics and International StudiesRadio moralitySecurity, Terrorism and Counterterrorism StudiesSocial and Developmental PsychologySociologySoundSustainable DevelopmentTheatre and DramaTourism and EventsWeb Communication

Identity: Through Others We Become Ourselves

Through Others We Become Ourselves Rachel Sealy-Fisher In this es recount, I will be discussing how wad create identities for early(a)s through propaganda and language usage, perceptions and basic impressions and how we remove these identities because of fear. I will use the films Avatar and Memoirs of a geisha as well as the novel We Shall Not call out by greyback Masilela as references. Everyone creates identities for others. Often this is sub-conscious or unintended. We sometimes create these identities because cautiously compiled propaganda and language have been used on us.From what we hear, we form identities. In the film, Avatar, Colonel Quartich, draw of the Avatar programme, tells Jake Sully Every living thing that crawls, flies or squats in the mud, wants to kill you and eat your eyes for Jujubes. The colonel informs Jake about the dangers on the major planet Pandora, accurately portraying his damaging feelings about the planet. He creates an identicalness for th e Navi, the natives of Pandora, that they atomic number 18 savage beasts, referring to them as blue monkeys or roaches.He sets this negative identity in Jakes head before he even meets the Navi. Mabena, Dumas grandfather in Johnny Masilelas We Shall Not Weep tried to keep Duma enlightened about his Ndebele past and creates a negative identity about westernisation and Dumas interest in music. Mabena insists that Duma keep the value of his history alive. Duma, however, is disinterested and absorbed in urban life and cope music. Through this, Mabena creates a negative identity for urbanisation.Identities are also created by early impressions and perceptions. How we first see someone is very much how we will specify of that person in the future. In the movie, Avatar, Neytiri, a Navi and little girl of Chief fosse, is asked by Jake why she saved him when a Pandorian creature was contend him. She says, You have a strong heart. No fear. But stupid give care an ignorant child. She tells him this on their first encounter. She instantly gets the impression that Jake has good motives, moreover is stupid and ignorant.However, we see Jake isnt as ignorant as Neytiri first makes him out to be, but he has a lust for learning the ways of the Navi. The Navi have also created an identity for humans, or Sky People. They believe they cannot learn how to see. Chief Moat says to Neytiri when she asks if she whitethorn try to teach Jake to see, We have tried to teach other Sky People. Its hard to fill a cupful that is already full. Moat is implying the Sky people are unwilling to learn that it is gruelling to change their reluctance to learn.Sayuri, a geisha girl from the film Memoirs of a geisha created an identity for the chairman, who she met as a young girl, as a kind, condole with and loving man when he stopped to buy her a cup of sweet ice and told her to smile while she was crying. He, in return, has created a beautiful, svelte identity for Sayuri, and falls in love with her, but refrains and tries to protect her instead. These are just examples of how we all create identities for others based on perceptions and first impressions.Although we may be aware that our identities may be created for us, and often by us, we as yet choose to accept that this is who we are. We accept the identities that other people have created for us as who we are, rather than creating our own identities and finding our dead on target self. Sakamoto Chiyo in Memoirs of a Geisha accepts the idea that she is a worthless slave as she is afraid(p) of what her okiya mistress may do to her if she questions her position. She remains silent, believing she has no voice.Later, when she pay offs Sayuri, she does what others say she must do, such as selling her mizuage to the highest bidder to become a true geisha. She does all this for fear that she may not fulfil her goal and become a true Geisha. In conclusion, we all create identities for other people and ourselves. These may formulate through brainwashing propaganda and language usage, perceptions and first impressions. We often accept these identities because of fear that those around us will not accept us. Many films and novels are written around identity insane asylum.Avatar, Memoirs of a Geisha and We Shall Not Weep are simply three examples of identity creation and acceptance of these identities as our own rather than creating our true identity, that isnt influenced by others, but purely ourselves. Word count 765 words Bibliography Masilela, Johnny. We Shall not hollo 1 may 2012 www. Kwela. com/we shall not weep www. beyondintractibility. org/bi-essay/identity-issues Memoirs of a geisha. IMDB. 2 May 2012 http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0397535/ Films Avatar Memoirs of a Geisha Novel We Shall not Weep- Johnny Masilela (June 2002)

Irobot Company

g 1. 0 Executive summary 2 2. 0 Situational abstract2. 1. semipolitical factors2. 2. economic factors2. 3. Social factors2. 4. Technological factors 3-6 3. 0 rig protrude Analysis3. 1. Strengths3. 2. Weaknesses3. 3. Opportunities3. 4. Thr extinguishs 7-9 4. 0 commercialize place Objectives 10 5. 0 Targeting and Positioning5. 1. Targeting5. 2. Positioning 11-14 6. 0 Marketing St rovegies6. 1. harvesting 6. 2. Price6. 3. Place6. 4. Promotion 15-19 7. 0 Implementation and Control 20-21 8. 0 finishing 22 9. 0 References 23 10. 0 Appendix 24-27 TABLE OF discipline 1. 0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Robot Corporation designs, manufactures, and sells a variety of robots complicate floor vacuuming robots, pool and gutter cleaning robots. Our trade verifi suitables ar to comprehend to strengthen our chump, which is to continue having advertisement to increase band aw atomic number 18ness in the market, to bear high market shargons of 20% rather than 11. 67% by celestial latitude 2012 , which we believe this crossroad Cle some(prenominal) entrust in truth(prenominal) much modify to the increase in market sh ars, and to scram market expansion in dissimilar parts of the world. Our untested harvest-tide is the robotic smirch alimentation railcar. It is c bothed Cleany.It is served as a vacuum cleanable, as thoroughly as a strike downber. When the floor, couch or do it off has dirt, Cleany bequeath help clean them up. It is round in shape and it has no lancinate ends. This yield is rattling at rest to be aimd. It en authorizeds safety and cleanliness. Moreover, this harvest-home is environmental palsy-walsy, it mathematical functions solar energy to charge its battery. Our encase cerebratees on the protection of the fruit. We map thick polystyrene to wrap our harvest. We engross to get in sealed it reaches our customers doorstep with discover any damages. Cleany is a good quality growth. It performs comfortably and its durable. Irobot jut outs to use expenditure skimming as our determine strategy. From while to quantify, discounts of 15-20% all(a)ow be earnn so that customers with lesser in interject distributions behind similarly purchase Cleany. The budget allocated to advertise Cleany through idiot box, radio, magazines, and newspaper publisher, to give sponsorship and to create exit to create defacement ken in the market is RM 662,000. 2. 0. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 2. 1. Political Factors Tax Tax charged by government to irobot varies from dissimilar countries. The criterion corporate tax rate in Ma specifysia is25% since 2009, while resident teensy-weensy and medium-sized companies (i. . companies capitalised at MYR 2. 5 million or less and non part of a group having a gild exceeding the preceding(prenominal) capitalisation thresh obsolescent) are taxed at 20% on the first MYR 500,000, with the respite taxed at the 25% corporate tax rate. (TaxRate. cc, 2009-2012) But according to ou r pecuniary position, tax does non very much come upon our ships company. Employment practice of law The legal/political aspect is very definitive in world(a) trade. International law stub be defined as rules and principles that states and nations pack binding upon themselves. FAO Corporate Document Repository, 2009) There are employment laws that we direct to abide to. For example, we are non al petty(a)ed to hire child labour in our shape posture, we are supposed to grant our employees leave and benefits. Our employees put up the right to scoot sick leave when they are non feeling well, we deal to deport our employees extra if they are work over prison term. This law has astray opened the eyeball of our company. It roundhow affects our company be pay back now we jazz how the employment law plant and how to urinate decisions accurately. 2. 2. Economic Factors Economic growth MIER downgrades 2011 GDP growth rate to 4. percent year-on-year. For 2012, MIER revi ses the GDP growth forecast to 5. 0 percent. (Suzy, 13 October 2011) Malaysia economical grows from year to year and in 2012, It allow for probably grow up till 5. 0 percent. During economic growth, customers disposable income entrust increase, and thitherfore, they bemuse to a greater extent money to extend now. This factor exit to a greater extent or less probably increase our companys sale and cause irobot follows meshwork bank to increase. Inflation From time to time, there bequeath be inflation rough the world. From our pass experiences, each time theres inflation, it pass oning somehow affect our company. customers may consider to not purchase our crop first until their income is stable. Below is a graph on Malaysias inflation rate (International Monetary Fund 2011 World Economic Out check) In year 2010 the inflation rate in Malaysia has increase to 1. 7% from 0. 6% in 2009. Irobot is hoping the inflation to decrease in 2011 and 2012. Increased give the axe impairment The current increased price in fuel since 2 years causes irobot play along to tolerate a slightly lower network margin as now we go to increase our fuel expenses. For all(prenominal) litre of RON 95, the actual price is RM2. 5, and the price of RM1. 90 at the spunk translates to a subsidy of 85 sen, or 31% of the actual price. (Anthony, 6 October 2011) Therefore, beginning from 2012, the decrease price of fuel bequeath allow our company to glide by lesser on fuel which go out be an armed service to the company. 2. 3. Social Factors Attitudes to work and leisure In the 21 centuary, community are all so industrious with their studies, works and daily activities. This affect out company sales, as more people now purchase our products as our products are all robotic products that leave assure our customers convenience. DemographicsWith the population of 27, 467, 837 residents in Malaysia, some of them take over very high income distribution and it will posi tively affect the irobot Company. We will be able to reach higher sales taxation because the chances of them buying our products will be higher. However, we similarly deliver customers that have low income distribution. Therefore, we propose discounts at times, so that this group of customers backside purchase our product when our products are on discount. 2. 4. Technological Factors Internet The ability to access to the profit grants our company a lot of advantages.We target to increase the companys sale by 4% through internet sales. Earlier a person had to go to the mall to purchase a product. This is not necessary now. The products for sale substructure be displayed on your website and the customer can dictate them from home itself. The only thing that you as a seller have to do is con riotous the financial transaction and deliver the goods at the place specified by the buyer. This saves a lot of expenditure both on the part of seller as well as the buyer. 2. 5. SWOT Anal ysis 2. 5. 1. Strength The company receives a lot of positive images and feedbacks from the consumers.The consumers are more than satisfied to work with us. These are some of the companys strength. Customer service We take aim sure all of our staffs work effectively and efficiently, and make sure they are accountable of their work. Besides, we provide customers with highly good serve. The workers are given training to be nice and friendly to all consumers. We combine with and laugh with our customers, even if save for a fewer(prenominal) moments. We always believe that cosmos nice has its own rewards. With positive customers service, we will be able to make our customers come back.Strong financial position Our company has a square financial position in the market. The irobot profit margin is 11. 67% this year. Our target is to reach 20% of the market circumstances by December 2012. To achieve that target, we will have more promotions and advertisements to create stronger br and awareness in the market to attract customers to us. Above is the graph of the profit margin of irobot Corporation from year 2007-2011 (irobot Corporation (irbt), 14 November) 2. 5. 2. Weakness Apart from just strength, every company has its own weakness. The irobot Company is weak in these few ways.Realizing our weakness, we promise to improve in the near future. harvest pricing The prices of irobot products are higher as compared to its competitors. Although our products qualities are up to the radicalard, customers might want to humble something cheaper when there is inflation or when they have other extra expenses to spend that moment. High operating toll The operating cost of irobot is somehow instead high. This includes salaries and wages to the employees, ad, and cost of bare-ass material, rent, fuel cost for enraptureation and likewise all kinds of taxes. . 5. 3. Opportunities Advanced technology With the availability of wifi, Irobot manages to attract more custo mers. Customers can now buy our product online. It would be very convenient for our customers as they do not have to come all the way to our retail stores to purchase the product. Growth in robotic indus punish Study shows that the robotics industry will grow from its present $11 Billion status to upwards of $70 Billion by 2025. Therefore, in future, the demand for robot industries will apace increase in demand. 2. 5. 4. ThreatLower cost competitors The company has faced tremendous private-enterprise(a) pressure. There will be price wars existing from time to time where our competitors lower down the price of their products, ca use us to have a lower profit margin if we excessively reduce the price of our products. For example, if LG vacuum immaculate decreases their price, our competitors will go to them to try their product and this will cause us to make lesser sales. Competitors Even though irobot is a well known brand but they to a fault have brat that they need to conside r.They have many competitors in the market such as LG, iClabo, and in like manner Vbot. So we have to be ready with all kinds of technologies updates in coordinate to stay in front of the competitors. 3. 0. MARKETING OBJECTIVES Continue to Strengthen Our Brand. We nail down to continue to enhance our brand image and corporate identity. The iRobot brand is designed to communicate innovation, reliability, safety and value. Our robots performance and uniqueness have enabled us to predominate strong word-of-mouth that leads to increasing brand awareness.We intend to continue to pose in our merchandise programs to strengthen our brand recognition and reinforce our cognitive content of innovation, reliability, safety and value. Higher market shares The irobot Corporation currently holds 11. 67% of the profit margin in the market. Its aim is to achieve a higher market share of 20% by December 2012. Market expansion Our objective is to expand our leadership not only in Australia, but in more countries such as the US, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Africa and many other countries in pattern and building practical robots and in developing robotic technology. . 0. TARGETING AND POSITIONING 4. 1. Targeting Targeting strategies Instead of passing play after(prenominal) a small share of a large market, irobot Company chose to go after large share of few submarkets. The submarkets that we chose are the quick working people and in any case upper physique families. We plan to focus only on two segments because we know that through arduous marketing, firm will possibly achieve strong market position in the segment that it serve because it has greater cognition of the segments. In this way, there will also be specialization in production, distribution and promotion.Instead of going after a small share of a large market, our company chose to go after large share of few submarkets. The submarkets that we have chosen are people who are always busy working and the upper class families. We plan to focus only two segments because we know that through concentrated marketing firm will possibly achieve strong market position in the segment that it serve because it has greater knowledge approximately what two three segments need and want. In this way, there will also be specialization in production, distribution and promotion. Below are few segments that we are targeting.Demographic Segmentation This product is do for both genders, female and male. It is make for all group ages, right from young working adults, to adults, to middle patriarchal people and finally, senior citizen. Both male and female eat chocolate. And people with different age groups eat chocolate as well. This product is do for any religion as all religion can eat chocolate. It is also made for people with occupation that are busy working and has high income. Psychographic Segmentation Market is divided into different groups based on social class. We are targeting those upper class famil ies.Looking into the personality characteristic, Cleany is main(prenominal)ly made for busy people. Geographical Segmentation This product is basically marketed to all busy states, regions, and cities in Malaysia where there are more people living in For example, Kuala Lumpur and Malacca. This product is also marketed to different western countries such as Spanish, fall in States, Australia and New Zealand and also to the Asian countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Korea. Behavioral Segmentation When this product is launched, we would expect people to have certain significant knowledge nearly our product.We also want customer to have good attitude towards our product. When they use our product, they will have a good perception approximately our product. They will give good response to our product. Once they have tried our chocolate, they will introduce our product to their families, friends and colleague and will even stand for of purchase it again in the future. This product will grant them ease when they have no time to vacuum their house. Benefits Segmentation Customers nowadays want to compute for things that can lighten their burden. Cleanny can absolutely lighten their burden by just needing them to press a button.And the floor, bed and sofa will be all cleaned. 4. 2. Position We want customers to have a perception that our product is a high quality product, a product that can be trusted, and a product that is of reasonable price. We want to be above our competitors in the judgement of all our consumers and we want them to be more than satisfied when they use our product and to come back to us and buy them. Besides, they will also recommend our product to their friends. In enact to be different in the market, we make sure that we position our product in three different ways. harvesting differentiation, service differentiation and also channel differentiation. crossing Differentiation Our product is different than our competitors. It serves as a vacuum cleaner and also a scrubber. When there are dirt on the floor, Cleany will suck up all dirt and when there are small unwanted pinpoint that is sticked to the floor, Cleany will help scrub them off until it is clean again. Apart from that, Cleany does not require electricity. It uses solar energy as a power resource. divine service Differentiation Our company produces delivery service.We always believe that the more services we offer, the more satisfied the consumers, the more consumers we will get. After all, all we want to do is to satisfy our consumers needs and wants. Whenever consumers want to place an show they can just give our company a call, and we will organize them the product through speedy, careful and convenient delivery. Consumers can also place their order online. This will be so much easier for them. They can purchase the product anytime they want. Channel Differentiation In business point of view, we have to be different in order to win our onsumer over o ur competitors, we tried our very best to be different and to be outstanding, so that we will be win the hearts of our consumers and have good relationship with them. We employ expertness to advertise our product to the market to create brand awareness, to make sure most of the people in the market have heard of our product. We make sure our product will work well and consumers will be satisfied using them. Other than that, we do carry out cause-related marketing (Charity). We give food to the homeless. We sometimes send our people to visit the old folks home. Positioning strategiesThe irobot has chosen two positioning strategies to follow. Product attributes Cleany offers some(prenominal) benefits to the user. first of all, this product is so unique. It works as a machine that helps to clean. With just a button, house works are now so much easier. Customers do not need to sweep and mow the floor. When the side of this product touches any hard surfaces, it will automatically inte rpolate direction. Away from competitors Our product is made away from the competitors. Normally vacuum cleaner works manually where someone has to hold it and move it to places that need to be cleaned.Normally, someone has to scrub the floor using brush. With the existence of this product, customers do not have to worry about cleaning the floor, the sofa, and the bed. 5. 0. MARKETING STRATEGIES 5. 1. Product 5. 1. 1. Product Features The robotic dirt ingest machine (Cleany) looks like this. It is round and it has no sharp ends. 5. 1. 2. Product Benefits Convenience Cleany works as a vacuum cleaner as well as a scrubber. This product makes it very convenient for the customers as the customers do not have to vacuum or to clear up the floor themselves. By just pressing a button, this product does it all for them.This product can be used on the floor, on the bed also also on the sofa. Customers that have busy schedule will really fall in love with this product. Cleanliness This produ ct will ensures floor, beds and sofas to be clean, shiny and makes dirty stains to leave. When liquid are spilled on the floor, the dirt ingest machine will help wipe it clean. When there are small unwanted particles that are sticked on the floor, this product will help to scrub it out. Safety When we produce this product, we make sure that it is not dangerous and it will not hurt people.That is why this product does not have any sharp ends. It is made round in shape so that it can be safely used. Therefore, customers that have children at home will be able to feel at ease to use our product. Environmental friendly This product is environmental friendly. It works on solar energy. In order to fully charge its battery, customers have to just put this machine below the sun for 30 minutes. This product helps customers to save electricity. Warranty If the dirt eating machine is spoilt within 2 years of purchase, irobot will provide a free machine to our customers.But so far, we have no t come across any cases like this for other products irobot produces. 5. 1. 3. Product Labelling and Packaging Product promotion is the activities of designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product. Our product case will be based on Product protection Our packaging concept is to mainly offer product protection. The product will be wrapped with polystyrene and be placed in thick brown recycled boxes to foresee any damages while product is sent to each stores and customers. We are using recycle boxes because we are focusing more on environmental concerns.Using methods Outside of the packaging, there will be instructions on how this product should be used. Customers can always read them first before starting to use this product to ensure they know exactly how this product works. 5. 1. 4. Product Quality Good performance Cleany performs very well and we often have good feedbacks from customers that have purchased some other products from our company. First of all, it w orks very quickly. Apart from that, it is easily used. Customers have to just press buttons and it will work on its own. Durable Cleany is an extremely durable product.It could last customers for years if taken care in proper way. This product is very hard and tough. This does not break or crack easily. Therefore, customers can feel calm using it. 5. 2. Price Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. Price skimming We are going to use price skimming as our pricing strategies. This is to establish a quality brand image in the market. We are going to compensate higher price for this product to attract the least price sensitive market segments. From time to time, discounts will be given to our customers, probably about 15%-20% of the linguistic rule price.The reason why we do not use penetration pricing is because we do not want customers to have the perception that our product is a low quality product. Therefore, using price skimming, we have decided to set our product at RM539. Customers can either make their payment by cash or by credit card. Although there is a take chances we are taking, as this product might not establish to a fault much profit for the company in the beginning, but we believe as customers start using it, they will see all kinds of benefits the dirt eating machine provides and this good news will be spread by word-of-mouth.Also, by strong promotion and aggressive advertising, our products will be widely sold to the market. 5. 3. Place Distribution channel Most businesses use triplet parties orintermediariesto charter their products to market. irobot Company contains one intermediary. The suppliers will send their products to the retail store, and the retail store then sell the goods to the final consumers. We do not have wholesale in between so that we could save cost so that the price of our products will not increase. Coverage The type of insurance coverage that the irobot Company is using is the selective dist ribution characteristics.The dirt eating machine is a shopping good where it can be found in quite a number of outlets in Malaysia. Outlets that are chosen are all of the Jaya Jusco in Malaysia, 9 of the Giants in Malaysia and also 11 of the Tescos in Malaysia. Transport Lorries will be used in order for manufacturers to transport their products to all retail shops. And from retails stores to customers, we will post the products to their house using pip Laju. Location Irobot Companies are normally built at places where they know they are going to make profit. Stores that do not meet the requirements are unsympathetic down.Therefore, only the most profitable stores survive. 5. 4. Promotion Advertisings We have all kinds of advertising in the market such as Television ( Astro, TV8, NTV7 ), Magazines (CLEO, Autoworld Emzime, Chip Malaysia), newspaper publisher (The Star, Berita Harian, Sin Chew Daily), Radio (Hitz Fm, My FM, Mix Fm, light and loose FM) and also billboard in differe nt places in Malaysia. The irobot company does not mind spending money on advertisement because we believe its an investment. We spend money to make more money. Once Cleany is able to create strong brand awareness, thats when our money comes back.We have spent RM602, 000 through all many kinds of advertising to get our product known. Internet activities We have several internet activities. We have our own irobot website which is irobot. com. We have all the updates of our product in that website. Besides, we also have made a Facebook page that we place the price and our product updates there as well. We know that internet is a very efficient way to reach our customers. Events and sponsors Every year we will lay aside RM20, 000 for events and sponsors. Every year, in the month of July, we will carry out social events in colleges, childrens home, and old fox home.We also give out sponsor to companies that needed them. Exhi art objections We will carry out collections and our employee s take down the names and the e-mail address of people who come to the exhibition because we know that those people that come, they are interested in our product. We will email them about the updates of our products, when will we be launching new products, and also when will we have discounts for our products. To promote our company and also to make our products known to the market, we have spent a total of RM662, 000 in year 2011. 6. 0. IMPLEMENTION AND CONTROLTask Description person in charge Date to complete 1. Meeting on how marketing programme will be carry out. All marketing department staffs 20/11/2011 2. Advertise the new product on television during peak time on Astro, TV8 and NTV7. Peter 21/1012011 3. Advertise the dirt eating machine (Cleany) on The Star, Berita Harian and Sin Chew Daily newspaper for 2 days per week, which are Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Derek 21/10/2011 4. Advertise new product on Hit, My, Miz and light and easy FM Radio daily. Isabella 23/11 /2011 5. Advertise on magazines. Paul 24/11/2011 6. stretch forth out event. Lucy & Michael 27/11/2011 7. Give out sponsor. Krystle 12/12/2011 Irobot Company Marketing Programme irobot Company cypher Activity Budget (RM) 1. Advertising CampaignTelevision ( Astro, TV8, NTV7 ) Magazines Newspaper (The Star, Berita Harian, Sin Chew Daily)Radio (Hitz Fm, My FM, Mix Fm, light and easy FM) Billboard RM 550,000RM 8,000RM 35,000RM 7,000RM 2,000 Public Relation Events and sponsorship RM 20,000 Sales Promotion (Discounts, vouchers, rebates, free gifts) RM 40,000 contribute RM 662,000 7. 0.CONCLUSION In order to successfully sell our products in the market, marketing plan has to be carried out. Company has to plan and discuss in advance about what they want to achieve, whether is it possible to achieve, how are they going to achieve it, and by when are they going to achieve it. Marketing plan is one of the most eventful tools that a company can use to be successful in the market. Th e irobot uses concentrated targeting strategy where we go after a large share of a few submarkets. We are targeting the busy working people and also the uppler class families.We believe that Cleany will make it to the market and will draw brand awareness of the company, will product profit for the company and will increase company sales. 8. 0. REFERENCES 1. irobot corporation (irbt) 7 November 2011. Irobot corperation profit margin unattached at URL http//ycharts. com/companies/IRBT/profit_margin Accessed 5 November 2011 2. irobot corporation 2011. Company milestone addressable at URL http//www. irobot. com. my/company-milestones. html accesed 7 November 2011 3. Jim Riley September 2009. Distribution introductionAvailable at URL http//tutor2u. net/business/marketing/distribution_introduction. asp Accessed 5 November 2011 4. Malaysia Monetory entrepot 2011, Malaysia inflation rate Adopted from URL http//www. indexmundi. com/malaysia/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices). html Access ed 15 November 2011 addition Through this report, I have learnt several things. I have larn that every single company has factors that will either positively or negatively affect the company such as political, economic, social and technological, environmental and legal factors.As a company, we have to always take notes of these factors as it can sometimes be an opportunity to the company or a threat to the company. This report helps me open my eyes to the SWOT analysis that every company has to know of. As a company, we have to know what are our strengths and weaknesses are, the opportunities around us, also the threats that might bring harm to the company. Once we get to know our strengths, we can be better in what we are good at. For example, the kettle of fish of our business is good. In future, when we were to open another branch in the market, we would think and make good decisions on better locations.Once we get to know our weaknesses, we can always find ways to improve and to be better in areas that we are weak in. For example, our company is lack of marketing expertise. Then, our company should send our employees for marketing training. When we know what our opportunities are we have to grab hold of it and not let it go. For example, the availability of the internet nowadays, if we are able to make use of it, creating a companys website or allowing customers to buy products online, then it will help generate profit for the company, at the same time, it helps create stronger brand awareness.As for threats, when we know exactly what the threats that we face are, we can avoid it. For example, the price of raw material in a country increases. We can turn the threats into opportunities by purchasing raw materials from countries that are selling them at a cheaper price for example, China. Besides that, i have learned so much more about target marketing and positioning as I look into details every single part of it. Target marketing involves fault a marke t into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments. Positioning is how you ifferentiate your product or service from that of your competitors. Positioning helps establish your products or services identity within the eyes of the customers. Without the knowledge of targeting and positioning, marketer cannot market their product in the market well. It will bring bad effects to the company. Company will not be able to understand the market. They will not know which segments are measurable, accessible, substantial, differentiable and also actionable. Moreover, they will not know which market segment to target in order to get most of the customers.Without knowing how to position their product, they will relapse their place in the market sooner or later. They will lose out in the market. This is because other marketers know what targeting and positioning are and have applied it to their product and company. To have an effective and efficient market ing plan, we have to make marketing strategies that are good. We have to be good and try as much as we could to be different in the 4Ps that are product, price, place and promotion. This is because, when the 4Ps are not good enough, customers will not be attracted to us.Instead, they will turn to our competitors. We have to be different and unique in our products features, we have to make our products provide benefits to our customers, the packaging and the labelling of our products should be interesting to be able to attract our customers over from our competitors, and that the quality of our product should be good so that customers will think that our product is worth(predicate) the price. Apart from just the product features, the price of the product is another main thing that we should consider. Imagine wanting to buy something that you like, but its extremely expensive.You would think of other alternatives rather than really purchasing that particular product. The triplet P I s the place of the company that sells the product. It should be located at places that have potential customers. Also, the types of intermediaries used. We can choose between one, two, three or quaternary depending of the types of products that we are selling and how many intermediaries that we want to have. As for promotion, we can have various kinds of promotion in order to attract customers to us. We can sometimes give out discount and promotions in ways of vouchers, and free gifts to our customers.This is actually for short term sales. We can also carry out events, almsgiving works, give out sponsors. In order to finish this report, I have read through each and every page of my lecturers note so that I would not miss any important thing out. I realized I have learn so much more about marketing plan compared to before. Previously, I had no idea that political, economic, social and technological factor can affect a company. Now I know that all these factors are important for a company to take note of, so that they could avoid harmful factors. Previously, I did not know that being different in the market is so important.Now I know, in order to win customers away from our competitors, we have to stand out in the market. I am really grateful and thankful to my lecturer of her lecturer that she has always wrote extra notes on the whiteboard to make sure we understand what shes teaching and that she had taught us well. When Im examine the other marketing modules, I have noticed that what my lecturer teaches me, I have heard of it before, I have studied a bit of it before. I realized that it helped me get better understand of my other marketing modules as well because they are almost about the same.